{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1760101329782,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SW"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We present an ontology that describes the domain of Public Transport by bus, which is common in cities around the world. This ontology is aligned to Transmodel, a reference model which is available as a UML specification and which was developed to foster interoperability of data about transport systems across Europe. The alignment with this non-ontological resource required the adaptation of the Linked Open Terms (LOT) methodology, which has been used by our team as the methodological framework for the development of many ontologies used for the publication of open city data. The ontology is structured into three main modules: (1) agencies, operators and the lines that they manage, (2) lines, routes, stops and journey patterns, and (3) planned vehicle journeys with their timetables and service calendars. Besides reusing Transmodel concepts, the ontology also reuses common ontology design patterns from GeoSPARQL and the SOSA ontology. As part of the LOT data-driven validation stage, RDF data has been generated taking as input the GTFS feeds (General Transit Feed Specification) provided by the Madrid public bus transport provider (EMT). Mapping rules from structured data sources to RDF were developed using the RDF Mapping Language (RML) to generate RDF data, and queries corresponding to competency questions were tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/sw-210451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T18:39:07Z","timestamp":1637692747000},"page":"639-657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Applying the LOT Methodology to a Public Bus Transport Ontology aligned with Transmodel: Challenges and Results"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Edna","family":"Ruckhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Anton-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Scrocca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cefriel \u2013 Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Corcho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ontology Engineering Group, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2017.06.001","article-title":"An ontology-based framework to support performance monitoring in public transport systems","volume":"81","author":"Benvenuti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref2","unstructured":"P. Colpaert, A. Llaves, R. Verborgh, O. Corcho, E. Mannens and R. Van de Walle, Intermodal public transit routing using Linked Connections, in: International Semantic Web Conference: Posters and Demos, 2015, pp. 1\u20135."},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D. Corsar, M. Markovic, P. Edwards and J.D. Nelson, The transport disruption ontology, in: International Semantic Web Conference, Springer, 2015, pp. 329\u2013336.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25010-6_22"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2012.12.028","article-title":"Transportation ontology definition and application for the content personalization of user interfaces","volume":"40","author":"De Oliveira","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Systems with Applications"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Iglesias, S. Jozashoori, D. Chaves-Fraga, D. Collarana and M. Vidal, SDM-RDFizer: An RML interpreter for the efficient creation of RDF knowledge graphs, in: CIKM \u201920: The 29th ACM International Conference on Information and, Knowledge Management, 2020.","DOI":"10.1145\/3340531.3412881"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.websem.2018.06.003","article-title":"SOSA: A lightweight ontology for sensors, observations, samples, and actuators","volume":"56","author":"Janowicz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Web Semantics"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.01.023","article-title":"Ontologies for transportation research: A survey, transportation research part C: Emerging","volume":"89","author":"Katsumi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technologies"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-30284-8_66"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4018\/ijswis.2014040102","article-title":"OOPS! (OntOlogy Pitfall Scanner!): An on-line tool for ontology evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Poveda-Villal\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems (IJSWIS)"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-62466-8_26"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-24794-1_2"},{"key":"10.3233\/SW-210451_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Uschold and M. Gr\u00fcninger, Ontologies: Principles, methods and applications, The Knowledge Engineering Review 11 (1996).","DOI":"10.1017\/S0269888900007797"}],"container-title":["Semantic Web"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/SW-210451","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T11:01:19Z","timestamp":1756206079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/SW-210451"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"David","family":"Chaves-Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Colpaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University \u2013 IDLab \u2013 imec, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Comerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cefriel, Italy"}]},{"given":"Mersedeh","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cologne, Germany"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Shinavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uber, USA"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Comerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David","family":"Chaves-Fraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Shinavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Colpaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/sw-210451","relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-4968","1570-0844"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2210-4968"},{"type":"print","value":"1570-0844"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]}}}