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Such observations are significant to researchers and are documented in registration forms but they are not easy to implement using popular ontologies, such as the CIDOC CRM which primarily consider individuals. In this paper techniques for expressing such observations within the context of the CIDOC CRM in both OWL and RDFS are explored. OWL cardinality restrictions are considered and new special properties deriving from the CIDOC CRM are proposed, namely \u2018typed properties\u2019 and \u2018negative typed properties\u2019 which allow stating the types of multiple individuals and the absence of individuals. The nature of these properties is then explored in relation to their correspondence to longer property paths, their hierarchical arrangement and relevance to thesauri. An example from bookbinding history is used alongside a demonstration of the proposed solution with a dataset from the library collection of the Saint Catherine Monastery in Sinai, Egypt.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/sw-223159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T12:12:51Z","timestamp":1661861571000},"page":"421-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Typed properties and negative typed properties: Dealing with type observations and negative statements in the CIDOC CRM"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Athanasios","family":"Velios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ligatus, University of the Arts London, Chelsea College of Arts, 16 John Islip Street, London, SW1P 4JU, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Meghini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Networked Multimedia Information Systems Laboratory, Institute for Information Science and Technologies \u201cAlessandro Faedo\u201d \u2013 ISTI, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Doerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Systems Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Stead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paveprime Ltd., United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/SW-223159_ref2","unstructured":"R.\u00a0Angles and C.\u00a0Gutierrez, Negation in SPARQL, in: The 10th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management (AMW 2016), Panama City, Panama, 2016, 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