{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T20:09:28Z","timestamp":1780603768098,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]],"date-time":"2017-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Web Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Agent-oriented programming (AOP) represents a novel programming paradigm that adopts concepts and technologies of multi-agent system to implement software. It has gained great attentions of researchers and practitioners from both artificial intelligence field and software engineering field. Dozens of AOP languages have been proposed in the past two decades. However the acceptance and adoption of AOP in software engineering community remain limited and the current practices of applying AOP do not convince such paradigm has extensively exploited its technical advantages and potentials. The experiences and practices of programming language researches in software engineering field can give us some inspirations to get out of the dilemma. The paper aims at providing a survey of AOP from software engineering perspectives, including its research history and the state-of-the-art of researches on agent-oriented programming concepts and models, languages, CASE tools and running manners. We investigate how current AOP studies satisfy design principles of programming language like simplicity, regularity, maintainability, expressiveness, reliability and efficiency, discuss several challenges of AOP researches and practices, and point out some directions for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/web-170357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,9]],"date-time":"2017-05-09T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1494335079000},"page":"143-163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A survey of agent-oriented programming from software engineering perspective"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Xinjun","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuzhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref001","first-page":"14","volume":"1","author":"Akbari O.Z.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Engineering Research"},{"key":"ref002","unstructured":"N.\u00a0Alechina, M.\u00a0Dastani and B.\u00a0Logan, Programming norm-aware agents, in: Proc. of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2012, pp.\u00a01057\u20131064."},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24309-2_7"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.\u00a0Bergenti, in: An Introduction to the JADEL Programming Language, Proc. of ICTAI, 2014, pp.\u00a0974\u2013978.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI.2014.147"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Birna van Riemsdijk, 20 years of agent-oriented programming in distributed AI: History and outlook, in: Proc. of AGERE!, 2013, pp.\u00a07\u201310.","DOI":"10.1145\/2414639.2414642"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O.\u00a0Boissier, Multi-agent oriented programming and intelligent environments, in: Proc. of 19th International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science, 2013, pp.\u00a0457\u2013464.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCS.2013.95"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O.\u00a0Boissier, R.H.\u00a0Bordini, J.F.\u00a0H\u00fcbner and A.\u00a0Ricci, Unravelling multi-agent-oriented programming, in: Proc. of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, O.\u00a0Shehory and A.\u00a0Sturm, eds, 2014, pp.\u00a0259\u2013272.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54432-3_13"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref008","first-page":"33","volume":"30","author":"Bordini R.H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Informatica"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.H.\u00a0Bordini, M.\u00a0Dastani, J.\u00a0Dix, A.\u00a0El and F.\u00a0Seghrouchni, Multi-Agent Programming: Languages, Tools and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2005.","DOI":"10.1007\/b137449"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.H.\u00a0Bordini and J.F.\u00a0Hubner, BDI agent programming in AgentSpeak using Jason, in: Proc. of Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems, F.\u00a0Toni and P.\u00a0Torroni, eds, LNCS, Vol.\u00a03900, Springer, 2005, pp.\u00a0143\u2013164. doi:10.1007\/11750734_9.","DOI":"10.1007\/11750734_9"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2005.55"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AMAI.0000031195.87297.d9"},{"key":"ref013","unstructured":"R.\u00a0Collier, R.\u00a0Ross and G.M.P.\u00a0O\u2019Hare, A role-based approach to reuse in agent-oriented programming, in: Proc. of AAAI Fall Symposium: Roles, an Interdisciplinary Perspective, 2005, pp.\u00a03\u20136."},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.W.\u00a0Collier, S.\u00a0Russell and D.\u00a0Lillis, Exploring AOP from an OOP perspective, in: Proc. of the 5th International Workshop on Programming Based on Actors, Agents, and Decentralized Control, ACM, 2015, pp.\u00a025\u201336.","DOI":"10.1145\/2824815.2824818"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Costantini and A.\u00a0Tocchio, A logic programming language for multi-agent systems, in: Proc. of the 8th European Conference on Logics in Artificial Intelligence, LNAI, Vol.\u00a02424, Springer-Verlag, 2002, pp.\u00a01\u201313. doi:10.1007\/3-540-45757-7_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45757-7_1"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Costantini and A.\u00a0Tocchio, The DALI logic programming agent-oriented language, in: Proc. of Logics in Artificial Intelligence, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2004, pp.\u00a0685\u2013688. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-30227-8_57.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30227-8_57"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dastani, A survey of multi-agent programming languages and frameworks, in: Proc. of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, O.\u00a0Shehory and A.\u00a0Sturm, eds, Springer, 2014, pp.\u00a0213\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54432-3_11"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dastani, D.\u00a0Grossi, N.\u00a0Tinnemeier and J.J.\u00a0Meyer, Normative multi-agent programs and their logics, in: Proc. of Knowledge Representation for Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, J.J.C.\u00a0Meyer and J.\u00a0Broersen, eds, Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp.\u00a016\u201331. doi:10.1007\/978-3-642-05301-6_2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-05301-6_2"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dastani, C.P.\u00a0Mol and B.R.\u00a0Steunebrink, Modularity in agent programming languages, in: Proc. of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, 2008, pp.\u00a0139\u2013152. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-89674-6_17.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-89674-6_17"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-26350-0_2"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Dastani, M.B.\u00a0Van Riemsdijk, J.\u00a0Hulstijn et al., Enacting and deacting roles in agent programming, in: Proc. of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005, pp.\u00a0189\u2013204. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-30578-1_13.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30578-1_13"},{"key":"ref022","unstructured":"W.H.E.\u00a0Davies and P.\u00a0Edwards, AGENT-K: An integration of aop and kqml, in: Proc. of the ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, 1994, pp.\u00a0122\u2013126."},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0de\u00a0Brito, J.F.\u00a0H\u00fcbner and R.H.\u00a0Bordini, Programming institutional facts in multi-agent systems, in: Proc. of Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2013, pp.\u00a0158\u2013173.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37756-3_10"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(00)00031-X"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L.\u00a0Dennis, M.\u00a0Fisher and A.\u00a0Hepple, Language Constructs for Multi-Agent Programming. Proc. of CLIMA 2007, LNAI, Vol.\u00a05056, Springer-Verlag, 2008, pp.\u00a0137\u2013156.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-88833-8_8"},{"key":"ref026","unstructured":"T.T.\u00a0Doan, N.\u00a0Alechina and B.\u00a0Logan, The agent programming language meta-APL, in: Proc. of ProMAS, 2011, pp.\u00a072\u201387."},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Dybalova, B.\u00a0Testerink, M.\u00a0Dastani et al., A framework for programming norm-aware multi-agent systems, in: Proc. of Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems, Springer, 2014, pp.\u00a0364\u2013380.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-14220-3_20"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0El Fallah Seghrouchni and A.\u00a0Suna, CLAIM: A computational language for autonomous, intelligent and mobile agents, in: Proc. of ProMAS 2003, LNCS, Vol.\u00a03067, Springer-Verlag, 2004, pp.\u00a090\u2013110.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25936-7_5"},{"key":"ref029","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Esteva, B.\u00a0Rosell and J.A.\u00a0Rodriguez-Aguilar et al., Ameli: An agent-based middleware for electronic institutions, in: Proc. of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2004, pp.\u00a0236\u2013243."},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Finziand and T.\u00a0Lukasiewicz, Adaptive multi-agent programming in GTGolog, in: Proc. of KI 2006: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, LNCS, Vol.\u00a04314, Springer-Verlag, 2007, pp.\u00a0389\u2013403.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69912-5_29"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Fisher, A survey of concurrent METATEM-the language and its applications, in: Proc. of International Workshop on Temporal Logic, LNCS, Vol.\u00a0827, Springer, 1994, pp.\u00a0480\u2013505. doi:10.1007\/BFb0014005.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0014005"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359138.359140"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-008-9059-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref034","first-page":"383","volume":"14","author":"Guo L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Software"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Hashmi, A planning based agent programming language supporting environment modeling, in: Proc. of IAT, 2015.","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2015.22"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.\u00a0Hindriks, Modules as policy-based intentions: Modular agent programming in GOAL, in: Proc. of Programming Multi-Agent Systems, Springer, 2008, pp.\u00a0156\u2013171. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-79043-3_10.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79043-3_10"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.V.\u00a0Hindriks and J.\u00a0Dix, GOAL: A multi-agent programming language applied to an exploration game, in: Proc of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering, O.\u00a0Shehory and A.\u00a0Sturm, eds, 2014, pp.\u00a0235\u2013258.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54432-3_12"},{"key":"ref038","unstructured":"C.\u00a0Hu, X.\u00a0Mao, Y.\u00a0Cheng and H.\u00a0Zhou, OrgMAP: An organization-based approach for multi-agent programming, in: Proc. of AAMAS, 2012, pp.\u00a01437\u20131438."},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-013-2345-6"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.F.\u00a0H\u00a8ubner, O.\u00a0Boissier and R.H.\u00a0Bordini, A Normative Organisation Programming Language for Organisation Management Infrastructures. Proc. of COIN 2009, LNAI, Vol.\u00a06069, Springer-Verlag, 2010, pp.\u00a0114\u2013129.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14962-7_8"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/367211.367250"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010084620690"},{"key":"ref043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koen, V.\u00a0Hindriks, F.S.\u00a0de\u00a0Boer, W.\u00a0van der Hoek and J.J.C.\u00a0Meyer, Agent programming with declarative goals, in: Proc. of ATAL 2000, LNCS, Vol.\u00a01986, 2001, pp.\u00a0228\u2013243.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44631-1_16"},{"key":"ref044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Leask and L.B.\u00a0Programming, Deliberation strategies in meta-APL, in: Proc. of PRIMA, 2015, pp.\u00a0433\u2013448.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-25524-8_27"},{"key":"ref045","unstructured":"G.T.\u00a0Leavens, Introduction to the literature on programming design, TR93-01c, 1999."},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Logan, A Future for Agent Programming, Engineering Multi-Agent Systems, LNAI9318, Springer International Publishing, Springer, 2015, pp.\u00a03\u201317.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-26184-3_1"},{"key":"ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Lutzenberger, A multi-agent approach to professional software engineering, in: Proc. of EMAS 2013, M.\u00a0Cossentino et al., eds, LNAI, Vol.\u00a08245, 2013, pp.\u00a0156\u2013175.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45343-4_9"},{"key":"ref048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.\u00a0Mao and E.\u00a0Yu, Organizational and social concepts in agent oriented software engineering, in: Proc. of Agent-Oriented Software Engineering V, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005, pp.\u00a01\u201315. doi:10.1007\/978-3-540-30578-1_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-30578-1_1"},{"key":"ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.1999.754046"},{"key":"ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10458-008-9036-y"},{"key":"ref051","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Morley and K.\u00a0Myers, in: The SPARK Agent Framework, Proc. of AAMAS\u201904, 2004, pp.\u00a0714\u2013721."},{"key":"ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-54432-3_3"},{"key":"ref053","unstructured":"L.\u00a0Northrop, Ultra-Large-Scale Systems: The Software Challenge of the Future, Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 2006."},{"key":"ref054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.S.\u00a0Rao, AgentSpeak(L): BDI Agents Speak Out in a Logical Computable Language. Proc. of MAAMAW, LNCS, Vol.\u00a01038, Springer, 1996, pp.\u00a042\u201355.","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0031845"},{"key":"ref055","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Ricci and E.\u00a0Denti, SimpA-WS: A simple agent-oriented programming model & technology for developing SOA & web services, in:\n                      Proc. of AI\n                      \u2217\n                      IA\/TABOO Joint Workshop from Objects to Agents\n                      , 2007, pp.\u00a0140\u2013156."},{"key":"ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.\u00a0Ricci and A.\u00a0Santi, Designing a general-purpose programming language based on agent-oriented abstractions: The simpAL, in: Project. Proc. of SPLASH, 2011, pp.\u00a0162\u2013170.","DOI":"10.1145\/2095050.2095078"},{"key":"ref057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Rodriguez, N.\u00a0Gaud and S.\u00a0Galland, SARL: A General-Purpose Agent-Oriented Programming Language, IEEE Computer Society Press, Warsaw, Poland, 2014, 2013-110.","DOI":"10.1109\/WI-IAT.2014.156"},{"key":"ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.\u00a0Ross, R.\u00a0Collier and G.\u00a0O\u2019Hare, Af-apl: Bridging principles & practices in agent oriented languages, in: Proc. of ProMAS, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2005, pp.\u00a066\u201388.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32260-3_4"},{"key":"ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-3702(93)90034-9"},{"key":"ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1471068405002358"},{"key":"ref061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.R.\u00a0Thomas, The PLACA agent programming language, in: Proc. of the Intelligent Agents, LNAI, Vol.\u00a0890, Springer, 1995, pp.\u00a0355\u2013370. doi:10.1007\/3-540-58855-8_23.","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-58855-8_23"},{"key":"ref062","unstructured":"N.\u00a0Tinnemeier, M.\u00a0Dastani and J.J.\u00a0Meyer, Roles and norms for programming agent organizations, in: Proc. of AAMAS, 2009, pp.\u00a0121\u2013128."},{"key":"ref063","unstructured":"N.A.M.\u00a0Tinnemeier, Organizing Agent Organizations: Syntax and Operational Semantics of an Organization-Oriented Programming Language, PhD thesis, 2011."},{"key":"ref064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0van Birna, R.\u00a0Koen and H.\u00a0Catholijn Jonker, Programming Organization-Aware Agents, a Research Agenda. Proc. of Engineering Societies in the Agents World X, LNCS, Vol.\u00a05881, Springer-Verlag, 2009, pp.\u00a098\u2013112.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10203-5_9"},{"key":"ref065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B.\u00a0van Riemsdijk, W.\u00a0van der Hoek and J.J.C.\u00a0Meyer, Agent programming in Dribble: From beliefs to goals with plans, in: Proc. of AAMAS, 2003, pp.\u00a0393\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1145\/860575.860639"},{"key":"ref066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Wang, R.\u00a0Shen, Zhu and H.\u00a0Agent, Oriented programming based on SLABS, in: Proc. of COMPSAC, IEEE Computer Society, 2005, pp.\u00a0127\u2013132.","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC.2005.41"},{"key":"ref067","unstructured":"D.A.\u00a0Watt, Programming Language Design Concepts, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003."},{"key":"ref068","first-page":"349","volume":"8245","author":"Werner S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"LNAI"},{"key":"ref069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Winikoff, JACKTM intelligent agents: An industrial strength platform, in: Proc. of Multi-Agent Programming: Languages, Platforms and Applications, Kluwer, 2005, pp.\u00a0175\u2013193. doi:10.1007\/0-387-26350-0_7.","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-26350-0_7"},{"key":"ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAOSE.2009.025319"},{"key":"ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGNT.0000038028.66672.1e"},{"key":"ref072","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Zhou and H.\u00a0Zhu, A virtual machine for distributed agent-oriented programming, in: Proc. of SEKE, 2008, pp.\u00a0729\u2013734."},{"key":"ref073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.\u00a0Ziafati, M.\u00a0Dastani, J.J.\u00a0Meyer and L.\u00a0van der Torre, Agent programming languages requirements for programming autonomous robots, in: Proc. of ProMAS 2012, M.\u00a0Dastani, J.F.\u00a0H\u00a8ubner and B.\u00a0Logan, eds, LNAI, Vol.\u00a07837, 2013, pp.\u00a035\u201353.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-38700-5_3"}],"container-title":["Web Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WEB-170357","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/WEB-170357","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WEB-170357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:27:00Z","timestamp":1777613220000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WEB-170357"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/WEB-170357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/web-170357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6456","2405-6464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6456","type":"print"},{"value":"2405-6464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,8]]}}}