{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T11:56:08Z","timestamp":1772452568056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["WEB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic has turned the world upside down since the beginning of 2020, leaving most nations worldwide in both health crises and economic recession. Governments have been continually responding with multiple support policies to help people and businesses overcoming the current situation, from \u201cContainment\u201d, \u201cHealth\u201d to \u201cEconomic\u201d policies, and from local and national supports to international aids. Although the pandemic damage is still not under control, it is essential to have an early investigation to analyze whether these measures have taken effects on the early economic recovery in each nation, and which kinds of measures have made bigger impacts on reducing such negative downturn. Therefore, we conducted a time series based causal inference analysis to measure the effectiveness of these policies, specifically focusing on the \u201cEconomic support\u201d policy on the financial markets for 80 countries and on the United States and Australia labour markets. Our results identified initial positive causal relationships between these policies and the market, providing a perspective for policymakers and other stakeholders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/web-210477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T13:12:51Z","timestamp":1649423571000},"page":"1-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Causal inference for the impact of economic policy on financial and labour markets amid the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Nhi N.Y.","family":"Vo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, RMIT Vietnam University, 702 Nguyen Van Linh Boulevard, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}]},{"given":"Guandong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Analytics Institute, University of Technology Sydney, 61 Broadway, Ultimo NSW, Australia"}]},{"given":"Dat Anh","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Technology, RMIT Vietnam University, 702 Nguyen Van Linh Boulevard, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinteco.2011.12.001","article-title":"Market response to policy initiatives during the global financial crisis","volume":"87","author":"Ait-Sahalia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of International Economics"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2020.120261"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmva.2009.02.014","article-title":"Asymptotic properties of the Bernstein density copula estimator for \u03b1-mixing data","volume":"101","author":"Bouezmarni","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Multivariate Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref5","first-page":"3741","article-title":"Order-independent constraint-based causal structure learning","volume":"15","author":"Colombo","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jimonfin.2014.12.006","article-title":"Monetary policy options for mitigating the impact of the global financial crisis on emerging market economies","volume":"51","author":"Dabrowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of International Money and Finance"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30120-1","article-title":"An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time","volume":"20","author":"Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M.\u00a0Eichler, Causal Inference in Time Series Analysis, Wiley Online Library, 2012.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119945710.ch22"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912791"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref13","unstructured":"IMF. World Economic Outlook Update, January 2021, 2021."},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resourpol.2020.101829"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2020.04.018","article-title":"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review","volume":"78","author":"Nicola","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.3390\/e15072635","article-title":"Simulation study of direct causality measures in multivariate time series","volume":"15","author":"Papana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-6261.2012.01746.x","article-title":"Uncertainty about government policy and stock prices","volume":"67","author":"Pastor","year":"2012","journal-title":"The journal of Finance"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref21","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbankfin.2014.07.001","article-title":"The impact of monetary policy announcements on the stock price of large European banks during the financial crisis","volume":"52","author":"Ricci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Banking & Finance"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau4996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref26","first-page":"540","article-title":"Money, income, and causality","volume":"62","author":"Sims","year":"1972","journal-title":"The American Economic Review"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.\u00a0Spirtes, C.N.\u00a0Glymour, R.\u00a0Scheines and D.\u00a0Heckerman, Causation, Prediction, and Search, MIT Press, 2000.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/1754.001.0001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266466608080341","article-title":"A nonparametric Hellinger metric test for conditional independence","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"Econometric Theory"},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref29","unstructured":"The World Bank. January 2021 Global Economic Prospects, 2021."},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref30","unstructured":"T.\u00a0Verma and J.\u00a0Pearl, Equivalence and Synthesis of Causal Models, UCLA, Computer Science Department, 1991."},{"key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(20)30095-X","article-title":"School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Viner","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 4"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7504","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002616117","article-title":"Impact of international travel and border control measures on the global spread of the novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak","volume":"117","author":"Wells","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/WEB-210477_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1093\/jjfinec\/nbq006","article-title":"Causality and dynamic structural systems","volume":"8","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Econometrics"}],"container-title":["Web Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/WEB-210477","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T10:59:40Z","timestamp":1772449180000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WEB-210477"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/web-210477","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6464","2405-6456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6464","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2405-6456","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]}}}