{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T10:20:22Z","timestamp":1777890022092,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Web Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Recommender Systems are mainly used in various e-commerce applications, especially online stores threatening users\u2019 privacy. The privacy issues can be overcome by using security solutions, which include blockchain technology for privacy applications. The fusion of the Internet of Things and blockchain technology has fully improved modern distributed systems. The combination guarantees the safety and scalability of the recommender system. We aim to create an authorized secure exchange device using blockchain-enabled multiparty computation by adding smart contracts to the core blockchain protocol. The recommendation structure and Blockchain technology make online shopping more convenient and private. We propose a blockchain-related recommender system using the \u201cmovielens\u201d data. The case study includes a smart contract model that recommends movies to buyers. Initially, we tested the model on a small \u201cmovielens dataset\u201d and extended it to a 3M movielens dataset. We developed a classifier model for movielens and proposed a Dual light graph convolutional network for movielens data classification. Our results, including ablation analysis, show that blockchain strategies and Dual light graph convolutional networks can effectively improve recommender systems\u2019 privacy. Furthermore, the suggested blockchain technique can be stretched by similar procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/web-230346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T11:47:43Z","timestamp":1715341663000},"page":"659-680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Movie recommendation and classification system using block chain"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tamara","family":"Abdulmunim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Abduljabbar USQ, University of Southern Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xujuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref001","first-page":"1104","volume":"64","author":"Abduljabbar T.A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Computer Journal"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.\u00a0Alyari and N.J.\u00a0Navimipour, Recommender systems: A systematic review of the state of the art literature and suggestions for future research, Kybernetes (2018).","DOI":"10.1108\/K-06-2017-0196"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Bobadilla and C.\u00a0Lipizzi, A blockchain-based collaborative filtering recommendation system based on trust, in: 2021 18th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing (ICCWAMTIP), IEEE, 2021, pp.\u00a0121\u2013126.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWAMTIP53232.2021.9674128"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.11.006"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11071153"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.\u00a0Dong et al., Asymmetrical hierarchical networks with attentive interactions for interpretable review-based recommendation, in: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.\u00a034, 2020, pp.\u00a07667\u20137674.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i05.6268"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600218CM"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.109044"},{"key":"ref009","unstructured":"R.M.\u00a0Frey, D.\u00a0Vuckovac and A.\u00a0Ilic, A secure shopping experience based on blockchain and beacon technology, in: RecSys Posters, 2016, pp.\u00a01\u20132."},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6_19"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H.\u00a0Guo, R.\u00a0Tang, Y.\u00a0Ye, Z.\u00a0Li and X.\u00a0He, DeepFM: A factorization-machine based neural network for CTR prediction, 2017. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04247.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/239"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z.\u00a0Haiyang, Y.\u00a0Lei and D.\u00a0Yucong, Service recommendation based on smart contract and DIKW, in: 2021 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES), IEEE, 2021, pp.\u00a054\u201359.","DOI":"10.1109\/SERVICES51467.2021.00036"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"T.\u00a0Halevi et al., Initial public offering (IPO) on permissioned blockchain using secure multiparty computation, in: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain), IEEE, 2019, pp.\u00a091\u201398.","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain.2019.00021"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref014","first-page":"1","volume":"5","author":"Harper F.M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acm transactions on interactive intelligent systems (tiis)"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2021.100439"},{"key":"ref016","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Hollenbach, J.\u00a0Presbrey and T.\u00a0Berners-Lee, Using rdf metadata to enable access control on the social semantic web, in: Proceedings of the Workshop on Collaborative Construction, Management and Linking of Structured Knowledge (CK2009), Vol.\u00a0514, 2009, p.\u00a0167."},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.03.018"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57077-4_10"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18113894"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-017-9800-0"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2817-3"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2018.2881735"},{"key":"ref023","first-page":"1","author":"Liang Z.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Complex & Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.01.001"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-36027-6_3"},{"key":"ref026","unstructured":"F.\u00a0Liu et al., Deep reinforcement learning based recommendation with explicit user-item interactions modeling, 2018. arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.12027."},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1574893617666220609114052"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2197809"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E.A.\u00a0Mantey, C.\u00a0Zhou, J.H.\u00a0Anajemba, I.M.\u00a0Okpalaoguchi and O.D.M.\u00a0Chiadika, Blockchain-secured recommender system for special need patients using deep learning, Frontiers in Public Health 9 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.737269"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Maragatham, Movie rating system based on blockchain, in: 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), IEEE, 2021, pp.\u00a01\u20133.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCI50826.2021.9402381"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-4625-6_93"},{"key":"ref032","first-page":"1","author":"Panda D.K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Intelligent Information Systems"},{"key":"ref033","first-page":"1","author":"Parthasarathy G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cybernetics and Systems"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.01.050"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K.\u00a0Rantos, G.\u00a0Drosatos, K.\u00a0Demertzis, C.\u00a0Ilioudis and A.\u00a0Papanikolaou, Blockchain-based consents management for personal data processing in the IoT ecosystem, in: ICETE (2), 2018, pp.\u00a0738\u2013743.","DOI":"10.5220\/0006911007380743"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3099012.3099014"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.\u00a0Roy, A.\u00a0Mukherjee and D.\u00a0De, OrangeMusic: An orange computing-inspired recommender framework in Internet of music things, Internet Technology Letters 5(3) (2022), p.\u00a0e331.","DOI":"10.1002\/itl2.331"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/1390156.1390267"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108508"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.\u00a0Shi, D.\u00a0Yi and J.\u00a0Kuang, A blockchain and sift based system for image copyright protection, in: 2nd International Conference on Blockchain Technology and Applications, ACM, New York, USA, 2019, pp.\u00a01\u20136.","DOI":"10.1145\/3376044.3376051"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/joitmc7030189"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-017-0762-9"},{"key":"ref043","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Sun, T.\u00a0Zhao, Q.\u00a0Ye, C.\u00a0Yu and X.\u00a0Feng, Consortium blockchain based reputation incentive mechanism for recommendation system."},{"key":"ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2957660"},{"key":"ref045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"X.\u00a0Tan and R.\u00a0Kashef, Predicting the closing price of cryptocurrencies: A comparative study, in: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Data Science, e-Learning and Information Systems, 2019, pp.\u00a01\u20135.","DOI":"10.1145\/3368691.3368728"},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a15030072"},{"key":"ref047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D.\u00a0Vinay, B.\u00a0Kumaraswamy and C.C.S.\u00a0Basavaraddi, Machine learning based recommendation system on movie reviews using KNN classifiers, in: Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol.\u00a02021, IOP Publishing, 1964, p.\u00a0042081.","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1964\/4\/042081"},{"key":"ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3034630"},{"key":"ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.05.039"},{"key":"ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2022.2066065"},{"key":"ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.11.046"},{"key":"ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ait.2020.104004"},{"key":"ref053","unstructured":"B.\u00a0Zhang, N.\u00a0Wang and H.\u00a0Jin, Privacy concerns in online recommender systems: Influences of control and user data input, in: 10th Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security ({SOUPS} 2014), 2014, pp.\u00a0159\u2013173."},{"key":"ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40854-016-0049-2"},{"key":"ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018665"},{"key":"ref056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z.\u00a0Zheng, S.\u00a0Xie, H.\u00a0Dai, X.\u00a0Chen and H.\u00a0Wang, An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends, in: 2017 IEEE International Congress on Big Data (BigData Congress), IEEE, 2017, pp.\u00a0557\u2013564.","DOI":"10.1109\/BigDataCongress.2017.85"},{"key":"ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3097983.3098134"},{"key":"ref058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.\u00a0Zyskind and O.\u00a0Nathan, Decentralizing privacy: Using blockchain to protect personal data, in: 2015 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops, IEEE, 2015, pp.\u00a0180\u2013184.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2015.27"}],"container-title":["Web Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WEB-230346","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/WEB-230346","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/WEB-230346","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:27:52Z","timestamp":1777613272000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/WEB-230346"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/WEB-230346"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/web-230346","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-6456","2405-6464"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-6456","type":"print"},{"value":"2405-6464","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]}}}