{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:12:50Z","timestamp":1777392770481,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive reserve (CR) may be beneficial to the physical function of the elderly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to examine the association of CR proxies and composite CR capacity with physical function in older adults while considering age and sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This population-based cross-sectional study included 4,714 participants living in rural China (age\u226560 years) who were dementia-free. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a composite CR score by integrating early-life education, midlife occupational complexity, and late-life mental activity and social support. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) measured physical function. Data were analyzed using linear regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater educational attainment and mental activity were associated with higher composite SPPB scores and those of its three subtests ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). Skilled occupations were associated with higher SPPB, chair stand, and walking speed scores, while greater social support was associated with higher scores for SPPB and chair stand ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). Each 1-point increase in composite CR score (range: \u20130.77 to 1.03) was linearly associated with a multivariable-adjusted \u03b2-coefficient of 0.74 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58\u20130.89) for total SPPB score, 0.16 (0.10\u20130.22) for balance test, 0.40 (0.32\u20130.48) for chair stand, and 0.17 (0.12\u20130.23) for walking speed. The association between higher composite CR and total SPPB scores was more prominent in those\u226575 years than those aged 60\u201374 years ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.01). There was no statistical interaction of composite CR score and sex in physical function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High CR is associated with better physical function, especially among older adults (\u226575 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/adr-240064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T10:45:43Z","timestamp":1727779543000},"page":"1329-1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Reserve Relationship with Physical Performance in Dementia-Free Older Adults: The MIND-China Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qiwei","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Aging Research Center and Centerfor Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute-Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Special Function Examination, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiafeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 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