{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:13:40Z","timestamp":1777392820227,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]],"date-time":"2023-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681516800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) follows three consecutive phases: namely preclinical, prodromal or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. In addition, the preclinical phase can be divided into subphases related to the presence of biomarkers that appear at different points before the onset of MCI. Indeed, an early risk factor could promote the appearance of additional ones through a continuum. The presence of various risk factors may trigger specific biomarkers. In this review, we comment on how modifiable risk factors for AD may be reverted, thus correlating with a possible decrease in the specific biomarkers for the disease. Finally, we discuss the development of a suitable AD prevention strategy by targeting modifiable risk factors, thereby increasing the level of \u201cprecision medicine\u201d in healthcare systems worldwide.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/adr220100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T11:28:32Z","timestamp":1681817312000},"page":"505-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["How to Prevent and\/or Revert Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Continuum During Preclinical Phases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Marina","family":"\u00c1vila-Villanueva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto Marcos","family":"Dolado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Neurolog\u00eda, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bl\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Psicolog\u00eda Biol\u00f3gica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicolog\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.56"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01249-0"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.007"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.11.015"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00146"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-091624"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.19672"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181121"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww017"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12522"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1791"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ADR-200282"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2028-17.2017"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210419"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1309-z"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01456-w"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119072119"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1608-z"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.031"},{"key":"ref023","first-page":"1299","volume":"86","author":"Xu W","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2013.152"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00642-9"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03523-y"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70191-6"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.219"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101551"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.425"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006296"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7120a2"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2020.1725803"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-012-0307-3"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-161141"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720501209151019111448"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118627"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020690"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010250"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15010061"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609815666220304195049"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.561504"},{"key":"ref043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0283-5"},{"key":"ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68542-5"},{"key":"ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0910237"},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.886619"},{"key":"ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12448"},{"key":"ref048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.01.001"},{"key":"ref049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2123417119"},{"key":"ref050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2123430119"},{"key":"ref051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx148"},{"key":"ref052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy025"},{"key":"ref053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3004291"},{"key":"ref054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53995"},{"key":"ref055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0"},{"key":"ref056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-021-00577-7"},{"key":"ref057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac114"},{"key":"ref058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12233"},{"key":"ref059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/10.2.143"},{"key":"ref060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.12.005"},{"key":"ref061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721694115"},{"key":"ref062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2020.105031"},{"key":"ref063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.2000.0127"},{"key":"ref064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100285"},{"key":"ref065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8070691"},{"key":"ref066","first-page":"e6958","volume":"12","author":"Rashid MH","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0496-05.2005"},{"key":"ref068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-54"},{"key":"ref069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.08.015"},{"key":"ref070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2181-6"},{"key":"ref071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.11.009"},{"key":"ref072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.00094"},{"key":"ref073","first-page":"CD004034","author":"McGuinness B","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.12.1949"},{"key":"ref075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215707"},{"key":"ref076","first-page":"CD005562","author":"Woods B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.8.5.751"},{"key":"ref078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dad2.12334"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/ADR220100","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/ADR220100","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/ADR220100","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T09:57:38Z","timestamp":1777370258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/ADR220100"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/ADR220100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/adr220100","relation":{},"ISSN":["2542-4823","2542-4823"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2542-4823","type":"print"},{"value":"2542-4823","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]}}}