{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T13:04:55Z","timestamp":1777467895856,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cysts represent the most common cause of a breast mass in women. On the contrary, in men, the presence of a benign apocrine cyst is an exceedingly rare occurrence, with only a few cases reported in the literature. We describe herein a case of benign apocrine breast cyst without concurrent gynecomastia in a 41-year-old male. Diagnostic evaluation and management are discussed, along with a review of the literature. Given the extreme rarity of benign breast cysts in males, a thorough investigation is essential in male patients presenting with cystic breast lesions. Diagnostic breast imaging may be challenging. Surgical resection of the cyst should be considered in the presence of atypical imaging features to exclude underlying malignancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bd-201064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T13:15:41Z","timestamp":1616159741000},"page":"207-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Benign cyst of the male breast. An\u00a0exceedingly rare entity that may pose a\u00a0diagnostic dilemma. Management and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Nikolaos S.","family":"Salemis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", Army General Hospital, , Greece"},{"name":"IASO Women\u2019s Hospital, , Greece"},{"name":"IASO Thessalias Hospital, , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.01.009","article-title":"Male breast: Clinical and imaging evaluations of benign and malignant entities with histologic correlation","volume":"129","author":"Chau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am\u00a0J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.264055116","article-title":"Imaging characteristics of malignant lesions of the male breast","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0834-3","article-title":"Imaging findings and classification of the common and uncommon male breast diseases","volume":"11","author":"\u00d6nder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insights Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W247","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.09.3994","article-title":"Spectrum of disease in the male breast","volume":"196","author":"Iuanow","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am\u00a0J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref5","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Kowalski","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.06.007","article-title":"Cystic breast masses and the ACRIN 6666 experience","volume":"48","author":"Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.333125137","article-title":"Male breast disease: Pictorial review with radiologic\u2013pathologic correlation","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref8","first-page":"35","article-title":"Benign breast cyst without associated gynecomastia in a male patient: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Parsian","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref9","first-page":"e4814","article-title":"Benign breast cyst in a young male","volume":"11","author":"Azimi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.164.4.7726037","article-title":"Mammography of the male breast","volume":"164","author":"Chantra","year":"1995","journal-title":"AJR Am\u00a0J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-020-02201-2"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/jbi\/wbaa035","article-title":"Characteristics and management of male breast parenchymal cysts","volume":"2","author":"Maimone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Breast Imaging"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref13","first-page":"122","article-title":"Ultrasonography of the male breast","volume":"14","author":"Draghi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12393","article-title":"Overuse of imaging the male breast-findings in 557 patients","volume":"21","author":"Lapid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast\u00a0J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.332125208","article-title":"From the radiologic pathology archives: Diseases of the male breast: Radiologic\u2013pathologic correlation","volume":"33","author":"Lattin Jr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1075-122X.2006.00298.x","article-title":"Outcome of men presenting with clinical breast problems: The role of mammography and ultrasound","volume":"12","author":"Patterson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Breast\u00a0J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12982","article-title":"Ultrasonographic assessment of male breast diseases","volume":"24","author":"Rong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Breast\u00a0J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0194651","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194651","article-title":"Clinical and ultrasonographic features of male breast tumors: A retrospective analysis","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref19","first-page":"FC13-5","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of male breast lesions - a retrospective study over a six year period","volume":"8","author":"Pailoor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-201064_ref20","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Multiparametric Ultrasound Diagnosis of Breast Diseases","author":"Sevcha","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Breast Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/BD-201064","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:32:08Z","timestamp":1777383128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/BD-201064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bd-201064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-6008","1558-1551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-1551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,15]]}}}