{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:14:42Z","timestamp":1789866882093,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The presence of mammographically evident hyperdense foci within axillary lymph nodes elicits concern for calcium deposits, which in turn have a wide differential diagnosis including both benign and malignant entities. Tissue sampling, most commonly by way of image-guided core needle biopsy, is needed in many cases when a definite etiology cannot be clinically established. In this case series we present history, imaging findings, and pathology results (or long term follow-up stability as biopsy surrogate) of several women with body tattoos who at mammography were noted to have a characteristic pattern of \u201cbubbly\u201d pseudo-calcifications within axillary lymph nodes, and absence of other mammographic, sonographic and clinical abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bd-220011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T11:46:36Z","timestamp":1670931996000},"page":"397-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Axillary lymph node \u201cbubbly\u201d calcifications and body tattoo: A case series and proposed algorithm to minimize lymph node biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Yepes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":", University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yara","family":"Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Betancur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Gomez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Collado-Mesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":", University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, , , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.5.921","article-title":"Calcifications in metastatic breast carcinoma in axillary lymph nodes","volume":"151","author":"Helvie","year":"1998","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.176.6.1761437","article-title":"Mammographic appearance of axillary lymph node calcification in patients with metastatic ovarian carcinoma","volume":"176","author":"Singer","year":"2001","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.1998.tb00505.x","article-title":"Axillary lymph node calcification due to metastatic papillary carcinoma","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref4","first-page":"e484","article-title":"The prevalence of tattooing and motivations in five major countries over the world","volume":"33","author":"Kluger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Eur Acad Dermatol Venerol"},{"issue":"81","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.10.059","article-title":"Tattooing: A national survey in the general population of France","author":"Kluger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-020-01967-w","article-title":"3D Nipple-Areolar Tattoo: Its technique, outcomes and utilization","volume":"45","author":"Hammon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aesthet Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref7","first-page":"e101833","article-title":"Ancient roots of microblading-A permanent makeup art","volume":"6","author":"Zhitny","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Skin Stem Cell"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25755","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000025755","article-title":"Complications of permanent makeup procedures for the eyebrow and eyeline","volume":"100","author":"Tomita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1586\/eci.10.10","article-title":"Cutaneous complications related to permanent decorative tattooing","volume":"6","author":"Kluger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref10","first-page":"143","article-title":"In vitro quantitative chemical analysis of tattoo pigments","volume":"137","author":"Timok","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Serup J, Kluger N, Baumler W (eds). Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of tattoo colorants and ingredients in mouse and man: The known and unknown. Tattooed Skin and Health. Curr Probl Dermatol. Vol. 48 (Basel), 176\u2013184. 2015.","DOI":"10.1159\/000369222"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref12","first-page":"430","article-title":"Body art confounding a case of brest cancer","author":"Gowhariji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ochsner\u00a0J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref13","first-page":"28","article-title":"Percutaneous tattoo pigment simulating calcific deposits in axillary lymph nodes","volume":"26","author":"Yactor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.3.1830831","article-title":"Tattoo pigment mimicking axillary lymph node calcifications on mammography","volume":"183","author":"Honegger","year":"2004","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13653","article-title":"Tattoo pigment mimicking calcification in axillary lymph nodes: A pitfall in mammographic imaging evaluation","volume":"26","author":"Nunes Aguilar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breast\u00a0J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.12510","article-title":"Calcifications in axillary lymph nodes on negative mammograms: Tattoo pigment mimicking axillary lymph node calcifications","volume":"21","author":"Sokolvskaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Breast\u00a0J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.05.014","article-title":"Tattoo pigment mimicking axillary lymph node calcifications on mammography","volume":"15","author":"Litton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.21037\/abs-20-49","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in axillary lymph nodes mimics occult breast malignancy: A case report","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Breast Surg"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2013200284","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200284","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in axillary lymph node mimicking calcifications of breast cancer","author":"Matsika","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref20","first-page":"1192","article-title":"Aberrant lymphatic drainage in the contralateral axilla in patients with isolated ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence","volume":"9","author":"Ryu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.breast.2014.03.007","article-title":"Detection of adjuvant treatment decision in patients with breast cancer recurrence and previous sentinel lymph node in breast cancer recurrence may change adjuvant axillary surgery","volume":"23","author":"Cordoba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Breast"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E16","DOI":"10.1017\/S1470903105004074","article-title":"A case from the Nottingham Breast Institute: An unusual cause of microcalcifications detected at breast cancer screening","volume":"8","author":"James","year":"2005","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Online"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.314105205","article-title":"Mammographic signs of systemic disease","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref24","volume-title":"European Congress of Radiology 2017","author":"Mello"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.167.3.8751666","article-title":"Calcifications in axillary lymph nodes caused by fat necrosis","volume":"167","author":"Hooley","year":"1996","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1673.2002.01056.x","article-title":"Mammographic features of tuberculous axillary lymphadenitis","volume":"46","author":"Muttarak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australas Radiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/028418518502600411","article-title":"Lymph node calcification in malignant lymphoma. Presentation of nine cases and a review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Strijk","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Dign (Stockh)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.347140081","article-title":"Resident and fellow education feature: US evaluation of axillary lymph nodes","volume":"34","author":"Net","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7800-2-28","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in an axillary lymph node simulating metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"2","author":"Jack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Semin Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref30","first-page":"14","article-title":"Tattoo pigment in sentinel lymph nodes: A mimicker of metastatic malignant melanoma","volume":"11","author":"Chikkamuniyappa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dermatol Online\u00a0J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BD-220011_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-7959-8_31","volume-title":"Atlas of Lymph Node Pathology","author":"Miranda","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Breast Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/BD-220011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:32:26Z","timestamp":1777383146000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/BD-220011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bd-220011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0888-6008","1558-1551"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0888-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1558-1551","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]}}}