{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1777464316681,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bladder Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bladder cancer is a malignancy greatly affected by behavioral habits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of opium on changes in the expression of OCT4 and SOX2 in the bladder tissue of rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHOD:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty six rats were divided into six groups: 24 rats in the addicted group received morphine and opium for 4 months with 12 rats in the control group. Blood testing was done for the evaluation of CBC, MDA, and TAC. The bladder tissue was removed and checked by histopathological examination. All total RNA was extracted, then cDNAs were synthesized and the OCT 4 and SOX2 gene expressions were evaluated by Real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The OCT4 mRNA expression level in the opium group of rats was significantly increased compared to the control group (13.5 and 6.8 fold in males and females respectively). Also, in the morphine group, similar augmentation was detected (3.8 and 6.7 fold in males and females respectively). The SOX2 mRNA over-expression level was seen in the morphine group of both genders as compared to the control group (3.7 and 4.2 fold in male and female respectively) but in the opium group, enhancement of mRNA level was seen only in males (6.6 fold). Opium increases both OCT4 and SOX2 expression more than morphine in male rats, but in female rats, SOX2 is increased more by morphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over expression of OCT4 and SOX2 was observed in rats treated with opium and morphine. Increased OCT4 and SOX2 expression was seen in opium-treated male rats, but in female rats, SOX2 was increased more by morphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/blc-230076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T11:11:47Z","timestamp":1709291507000},"page":"47-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Effects of Opium on the Expression of\n                    <i>SOX2<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>OCT4<\/i>\n                    in Wistar Rat Bladder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Iman","family":"Menbari Oskouie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leila","family":"Zareian Baghdadabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahil","family":"Mashhadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parisa","family":"Zahmatkesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akram","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Khajavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Mesbah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mohammad Kazem","family":"Aghamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e15543"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2013.03.025"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref003","first-page":"601","volume":"11","author":"Shakhssalim N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref004","first-page":"681","volume":"10","author":"Yavari P","year":"2009","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28394"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/pme.11.15"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.5.3205"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-330X.173174"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuroe.2011.12.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref010","first-page":"82","volume":"6","author":"Aliramaji A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref011","first-page":"98","volume":"5","author":"Lotfi MH","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Community Health Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref012","first-page":"567","volume":"18","author":"Akbari M","year":"2015","journal-title":"Archives of Iranian medicine"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70550-3"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70077-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref015","first-page":"250","volume":"1","author":"Mohseni MG","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urol. 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