{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T14:51:04Z","timestamp":1782139864208,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BME"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The prosthetic foot is an essential component of the prosthetic limb used by people who suffer from amputation. The prosthetic foot or limb is expensive in developing countries and cannot be used by most people with special needs. OBJECTIVE: In this study, an uncomplicated prosthetic foot is designed that can be manufactured at low costs using 3D printer technology and can be provided to a wide range of amputees. The foot was designed using CAD software and analyzed using ANSES. METHODS: Carbon fiber material was chosen to be suitable for the manufacturing process using 3D printer technology. The selected material was tested in tensile and fatigue tests to determine its mechanical properties. The numerical analysis was carried out assuming the use of an artificial foot by a patient weighing 85 kg. RESULTS: The results showed that the material proposed for manufacturing has good mechanical properties for this application. The results of the engineering analysis also showed that the model has successfully passed the design process and is reliable for use by amputees. CONCLUSION: The success model designed in this study in the numerical analysis process gives reliability to the use of this design to manufacture the prosthetic foot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bme-240052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T10:46:40Z","timestamp":1720781200000},"page":"401-414","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and analysis of a prosthetic foot: A numerical simulation case study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Asmaa Muneam","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Al Dour Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adawiya","family":"Ali Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor T.","family":"Al-sharify","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Instrumentation Engineering, Al-Esraa University, , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fahad Mohanad","family":"Kadhim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetics and Orthotics Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, , Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1556\/606.2022.00646","article-title":"Optimal design and manufacturing of 3D printable prosthesis pylon","volume":"17","author":"Naiyf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pollack Periodica"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.M. Kadhim, S.F. Hasan and S.E. Sadiq, Optimal material selection for manufacturing prosthetic foot, Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology 30(4) (2022).","DOI":"10.47836\/pjst.30.4.03"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/DDF.398.48","article-title":"Modeling and evaluation of smart Economic transfemral prosthetic","volume":"398","author":"Kadhim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Defect and Diffusion Forum"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169-0022","DOI":"10.4172\/2169-0022.1000158","article-title":"Improving tensile strength of polymer blends as prosthetic foot material reinforcement by carbon fiber","volume":"4","author":"Hadi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Material Science & Engineering"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref5","first-page":"1431","article-title":"Temperature effect on mechanical characteristics of a new design prosthetic foot","volume":"9","author":"Yousif","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst12101429","article-title":"The impact of laminations on the mechanical strength of carbon-fiber composites for prosthetic foot fabrication","volume":"12","author":"Sehar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47836\/pjst.30.4.03"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1556\/606.2022.00656","article-title":"Optimal selection of stiffness for prosthetic foot and ankle: Manufacturing and testing","volume":"18","author":"Al-Aboodi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pollack Periodica"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A.T. Shomran, B.M. Faisal, E.K. Hussein, T. Santos and K. Fatima, Identifying some regularities of the fatigue behavior of the reinforced carbon-fiber with AL2O3 nanoparticles composite structure of the prosthesis foot, Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 121(7) (2023).","DOI":"10.15587\/1729-4061.2023.274573"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3390\/app10020650","article-title":"Use of dynamic FEA for design modification and energy analysis of a variable stiffness prosthetic foot","volume":"10","author":"Tryggvason","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref11","unstructured":"ASTM D638:2000, Standard test method for tensile properties of plastics, American Society for Testing and Materials International, 2000."},{"key":"10.3233\/BME-240052_ref12","unstructured":"Alternating Bending Fatigue Machine, Instruction Manual HSM20, Handbook Manual in Laboratory of Al-Nahrian University, India, 2001, Paper no. 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