{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:14:30Z","timestamp":1777464870568,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-160678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T11:31:29Z","timestamp":1480419089000},"page":"731-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pelvic floor muscle contraction and abdominal hollowing during walking can selectively activate local trunk stabilizing muscles"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Ah Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Ok","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Woo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae Hong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Kansas Spine Institute, Wichita, KS, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Ho","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Institute, Yeungnam University, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices Clinical Trial Center, Yeungnam University, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2331","article-title":"The effect of trunk stability training on vertical takeoff velocity","volume":"37","author":"Butcher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9406(05)60745-6","article-title":"Abdominal muscle function in chronic low back pain patients","volume":"88","author":"Critchley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(99)90052-7","article-title":"Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds","volume":"80","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.12.002","article-title":"Why do some patients keep hurting their back? Evidence of ongoing back muscle dysfunction during remission from recurrent back pain","volume":"142","author":"MacDonald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2010.04.004","article-title":"Abdominal muscle contraction thickness and function after specific and general exercises: a randomized controlled trial in chroniclow back painpatients","volume":"15","author":"Vasseljen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.02.007","article-title":"Electromyographic studies in abdominal exercises: A literature synthesis","volume":"32","author":"Monfort-Panego","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E243","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200106010-00004","article-title":"Long-term effects of specific stabilizing exercises for first-episode low back pain","volume":"26","author":"Hides","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199712150-00020","article-title":"Evaluation of specific stabilizing exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis","volume":"22","author":"O'Sullivan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-07293-2.50016-9","volume-title":"Therapeutic exercise for lumbo-pelvic stabilisation: A motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain","author":"Richardson","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198505000-00014","article-title":"Patient adherence to prescribed therapies","volume":"23","author":"Becker","year":"1985","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678909154177","article-title":"Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering","volume":"230","author":"Bergmark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref12","first-page":"33","article-title":"The new back school prescription: Stabilization training. Part ii","volume":"7","author":"Saal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.27.1.19","article-title":"Abdominal muscle training in sport","volume":"27","author":"Norris","year":"1993","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.26082","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of selected trunk muscles during dynamic spine stabilization exercises","volume":"82","author":"Souza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s001920200027","article-title":"Pelvic floor and abdominal muscle interaction: EMG activity and intra-abdominal pressure","volume":"13","author":"Neumann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunc"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.243","article-title":"Instructing pelvic floor contraction facilitates transversus abdominis thickness increase during low-abdominal hollowing","volume":"7","author":"Critchley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062050-00008","article-title":"A study of lower-limb mechanics during stair-climbing","volume":"62","author":"Andriacchi","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00353.2006","article-title":"Gastrocnemius muscle fascicle behavior during stair negotiation in humans","volume":"102","author":"Spanjaard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280110087098","article-title":"A study of the gait characteristics of patients with chronic osteoarthritis of the knee","volume":"24","author":"Al-Zahrani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2003.09.002","article-title":"A stair-climbing test for ambulatory assessment of children with cerebral palsy","volume":"20","author":"Bar-Haim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2004.01.002","article-title":"Gait analysis system for assessment of dynamic loading axis of the knee","volume":"21","author":"Kawakami","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(01)00201-6","article-title":"Knee and hip kinetics during normal stair climbing","volume":"16","author":"Costigan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749020-00003","article-title":"An in vivo study of the axial rotation of the human thoracolumbar spine","volume":"49","author":"Gregersen","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.501","article-title":"Effects of performing an abdominal hollowing exercise on trunk muscle activity during curl-up exercise on an unstable surface","volume":"27","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-52","article-title":"Effect of head and limb orientation on trunk muscle activation during abdominal hollowing in chronic low back pain","volume":"22","author":"Parfrey","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-004-0799-9","article-title":"Differential activity of regions of transversus abdominis during trunk rotation","volume":"14","author":"Urquhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2004.08.011","article-title":"Abdominal muscle recruitment during a range of voluntary exercises","volume":"10","author":"Urquhart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1054\/math.1995.0243","article-title":"Muscle control-pain control. What exercises would you prescribe?","volume":"1","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.39","article-title":"Short report: Intra-tester reliability of two clinical tests of transversus abdominis muscle recruitment","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10375","article-title":"Measurement of muscle contraction with ultrasound imaging","volume":"27","author":"Hodges","year":"2003","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2005.35.6.338","article-title":"The use of real-time ultrasound feedback in teaching abdominal hollowing exercises to healthy subjects","volume":"35","author":"Henry","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E208","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181908ead","article-title":"Different ways to balance the spine: Subtle changes in sagittal spinal curves affect regional muscle activity","volume":"34","author":"Claus","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.02.004","article-title":"Motor training of the lumbar paraspinal muscles induces immediate changes in motor coordination in patients with recurrent low back pain","volume":"11","author":"Tsao","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-007-0289-y","article-title":"Anatomical optimization of skin electrode placement to record electromyographic activity of erector spinae muscles","volume":"30","author":"de Seze","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref35","first-page":"51","article-title":"Muscle fibre orientation of abdominal muscles and suggested surface emg electrode positions","volume":"38","author":"Ng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e318219dae7","article-title":"Trunk muscle activity during exercises performed on land and in water","volume":"43","author":"Bressel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.01.002","article-title":"Trunk muscle activation patterns during walking at different speeds","volume":"17","author":"Anders","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-75","article-title":"Trunk muscle activity in healthy subjects during bridging stabilization exercises","volume":"7","author":"Stevens","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.05.004","article-title":"Core stability exercises on and off a swiss ball","volume":"86","author":"Marshall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1054\/math.2000.0376","article-title":"Abdominal muscle activity during the abdominal hollowing manoeuvre in the four point kneeling and prone positions","volume":"6","author":"Beith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Man Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-006-0181-1","article-title":"Electromyographic activity of trunk and hip muscles during stabilization exercises in four-point kneeling in healthy volunteers","volume":"16","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.12.008","article-title":"Comparison of general exercise, motor control exercise and spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low back pain: A randomized trial","volume":"131","author":"Ferreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-009-1093-7","article-title":"Spinal segmental stabilisation exercises for chronic low back pain: Programme adherence and its influence on clinical outcome","volume":"18","author":"Mannion","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-200412000-00007","article-title":"A pilot study to investigate the effect of lumbar stabilisation exercise training on functional ability and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain","volume":"27","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Rehabil Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197789219195","article-title":"A controlled study on the outcome of inpatient and outpatient treatment of low back pain. Part ii. Effects on physical measurements three months after treatment","volume":"21","author":"Mellin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198709000-00002","article-title":"1987 volvo award in clinical sciences. A new clinical model for the treatment of low-back pain","volume":"12","author":"Waddell","year":"1987","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-3991(82)80032-3","article-title":"Behavioral diagnosis: A practical approach to patient education","volume":"4","author":"Bartlett","year":"1982","journal-title":"Patient Couns Health Educ"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/58.9.1083","article-title":"Patient compliance: Practical implications for physical therapists. A review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Mayo","year":"1978","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000202559.41193.b2","article-title":"A randomized trial of chiropractic and medical care for patients with low back pain: Eighteen-month follow-up outcomes from the ucla low back pain study","volume":"31","author":"Hurwitz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref50","first-page":"26","article-title":"The effect of exercise in chronic low back pain: A pilot study","volume":"98","author":"Cruz Jimenez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bol Asoc Med PR"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1996.24.6.354","article-title":"Toward a clinical test of lumbar spine kinesthesia","volume":"24","author":"Maffey-Ward","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref52","first-page":"32","article-title":"Surface electromyographic activity of the abdominal muscles during pelvic-tilt and abdominal-hollowing exercises","volume":"39","author":"Drysdale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200202150-00015","article-title":"The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles, sacroiliac joint mechanics, and low back pain","volume":"27","author":"Richardson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00216-5","article-title":"Transversus abdominis and the superficial abdominal muscles are controlled independently in a postural task","volume":"265","author":"Hodges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.45","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship between laboratory and clinical tests of transversus abdominis function","volume":"1","author":"Hodges","year":"1996","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-160678_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2555","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging as a feedback tool in the rehabilitation of trunk muscle dysfunction for people with low back pain","volume":"37","author":"Henry","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/BMR-160678","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:24:22Z","timestamp":1777382662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.medra.org\/servlet\/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&doi=10.3233\/BMR-160678"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bmr-160678","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,21]]}}}