{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T05:39:40Z","timestamp":1781761180299,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n Optimal seatback angles for automobile drivers\u2019 seats have been investigated based on comfort and back muscle activities; however, radiology supported evidences are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to evaluate optimal range of the seatback reclining regarding torso angles for an automobile driver\u2019s seat to preserve lumbar lordosis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty-one healthy volunteers were recruited among five body type categories. Lateral lumbar spine X-rays were obtained for the neutral sitting posture without seatback (reference), and with reclining angles of 23\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n to 33\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n by 2\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n intervals. The Cobb angles for the L1-L4, L4-S1, and L1-S1 segments were measured.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n \n The Cobb angle for L4-S1 was nearest to the reference (18.74\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 1.57\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , mean\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n standard error mean) at reclining angles of 29\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and 31\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (14.51\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 1.41\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n and 14.47\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 1.43\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n , respectively). The Cobb angle at L4-S1 between reclining angles of 27\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (12.02\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 1.31\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) and 29\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n (14.51\n \n \n \u00b1<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 1.41\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n ) were significantly different (\n \n \n \n p<\/mml:mi>\n <<\/mml:mo>\n \n <\/mml:mrow>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n 0.001). Tall men showed relatively preserved lordosis angles at all reclining angles. Fat men and short women demonstrated prominent loss of lordosis with excessively kyphotic L1-L4 segment.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n \n Reclining angles of 29\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n to 31\n \n \n \n \n \u2218<\/mml:mo>\n <\/mml:msup>\n <\/mml:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n revealed to be optimal for preserving lordosis at the L4-S1 segment. Individualized healthcare-related guideline for driver\u2019s seat adjustment setting is necessary.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-170875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T11:16:16Z","timestamp":1529666176000},"page":"923-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Effect of reclining angle on lumbar lordosis at driving posture: A radiological evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hyung Seok","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University College of Medicine","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manyong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Yun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuman","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seonggyu","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyundai Motors Namyang R&D Division, Hwaseong-si, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hyundai Motors Namyang R&D Division, Hwaseong-si, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Uk","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"432","article-title":"Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Truck Drivers and Official Workers","volume":"53","author":"Mozafari A","year":"2015","unstructured":"MozafariA VahedianM MohebiS NajafiM. 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