{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:29:10Z","timestamp":1791836950344,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Cervicogenic headache (CeH) is among the common types of headache which has an undesirable influence on the quality of life. The myofascial trigger point (MTrP) within the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle is one of the most important causes of CeH. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dry needling (DN) and ischemic compression (IC) on the headache symptoms as well as MTrP-related features in subjects with CeH originating from MTrPs of the SCM muscle using a sonographic method. METHODS: A total of 29 female subjects aged 35.34 \u00b1 12.19 on average with a clinical diagnosis of CeH originating from MTrP in the SCM muscle were randomly divided into the DN, IC, and control groups. Both DN and IC groups received 4 treatment sessions. Headache intensity, duration, frequency, MTrP elastic modulus, MTrP area, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were assessed 2 weeks before and after treatments. RESULTS: In both DN and IC groups, a significant improvement was found in the headache intensity, duration, frequency, PPT, and MTrP area (P&lt; 0.05). No significant differences were observed between DN and IC (P&gt; 0.05). Pearson correlation revealed a significant correlation between headache intensity and the MTrP elastic modulus (P&lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both interventions could reduce headache symptoms, PPT, and MTrP area. Neither intervention was found to be superior to the other in short-term follow-up. IC may be preferred since it has fewer unwanted side effects compared to DN. Based on the data, it may be concluded that some MTrP biomechanical features such as stiffness may influence the produced headache symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-171077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T04:26:49Z","timestamp":1575520009000},"page":"749-759","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A sonographic comparison of the effect of dry needling and ischemic compression on the active trigger point of the sternocleidomastoid muscle associated with cervicogenic headache: A randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Mansoureh","family":"Togha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Headache Department, Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Bahrpeyma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Jafari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Nasiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1179\/2042618612Y.0000000025","article-title":"Conservative physical therapy management for the treatment of cervicogenic headache: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Racicki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Manual and Manipulative Therapy."},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2015.09.008","article-title":"Physical examination tests for screening and diagnosis of cervicogenic headache: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Rubio-Ochoa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manual Therapy."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1129-2377-15-31","article-title":"The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project","volume":"15","author":"Steiner","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Headache and Pain."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2005.01.006","article-title":"Sternocleidomastoid muscle imbalance in a patient with recurrent headache","volume":"11","author":"Cibulka","year":"2006","journal-title":"Manual Therapy."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2016.08.008","article-title":"Effectiveness of physiotherapy for seniors with recurrent headaches associated with neck pain and dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Uthaikhup","year":"2017","journal-title":"The Spine Journal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2017.01.002","article-title":"Comparison of acute effects of superficial and deep dry needling into trigger points of suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache","volume":"21","author":"Sedighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-171077_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.1983.0304249.x","article-title":"\u201cCervicogenic\u201d headache","volume":"3","author":"Sjaastad","year":"1983","journal-title":"An hypothesis. 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