{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:26:49Z","timestamp":1777465609798,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Alterations in plantar loading patterns are risk factors for stress injuries of the lower limb, particularly of the foot and ankle. Epidemiological studies have revealed a higher incidence of soccer-related stress fractures of the fifth metatarsal (MT V) in younger athletes than in their adult counterparts. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the plantar pressure distributions of members of four high-level soccer teams of different age groups to identify age-related differences in loading patterns. METHODS: A total of 65 elite soccer players were included in the study. Data were computed with sensor-loaded insoles (pedar\u00ae X system, novel Inc., Munich, Germany) while the players ran in soccer shoes. Plantar pressures for nine defined regions on the preferred and nonpreferred foot were analyzed. RESULTS: The participants consisted of 17 elite male soccer professionals from the first national league (mean 23\u00a0years, height 184\u00a0cm, weight 81\u00a0kg), 14 players from the under-21 squad (U21, 20\u00a0years, 180\u00a0cm, 75\u00a0kg), 15 players from the U17 squad (16\u00a0years, 176\u00a0cm, 69\u00a0kg) and 19 players from the U16 squad (15\u00a0years, 179\u00a0cm, 70\u00a0kg). We detected statistically significantly elevated peak pressures on the lateral aspects of the nonpreferred foot compared with the preferred foot in the U16 and U17 players, corresponding to a relative increase by 29% (p= 0.044) in the lateral midfoot, a relative increase by 24% (p= 0.031) in MT heads 4\u20135 in the U16 players and a difference of 18% (p= 0.049) in the lateral midfoot in the U17 players. In contrast, the U21 and adult professional players displayed symmetric plantar pressure distributions in all foot regions. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to adult elite soccer players, adolescents demonstrate asymmetric foot loading patterns with increased peak loads in the lateral aspects of the nonpreferred foot. Our results may provide some explanation for MT V stress fractures that occur in elite adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-181436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T13:29:34Z","timestamp":1586870974000},"page":"939-946","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A cross-sectional study on foot loading patterns in elite soccer players of different ages"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Thilo","family":"Hotfiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery Osnabr\u00fcck (OZMC), Klinikum Osnabr\u00fcck, Osnabr\u00fcck, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Golditz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessy","family":"Wegner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Pauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany"},{"name":"CURATHLETICUM, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Brem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"CURATHLETICUM, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Swoboda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Dieter","family":"Carl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Rheumatology, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Trauma Surgery, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/BMR-181436_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967115603654","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Fifth Metatarsal Fractures in College Soccer 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