{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:04:29Z","timestamp":1787025869303,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with healthy people, patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) are likely to have forward head postures (FHP) and a higher number of active trigger points (aTrP) on the suboccipital muscle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to verify how the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) on aTrPs and the FHP correction exercise can effectively reduce symptoms of the CTTH patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHOD:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The subjects of this study were 45 individuals with CTTH, divided into three groups of 15 patients each: a) the SMI group using the myofascial release technique; b) the SMIEx group subject to both the SMI therapy and FHP correction exercises; and c) the control group. Group A and B were given the relevant interventions twice a week for four consecutive weeks, and went through the headache impact test (HIT-6) and examinations on the pressure pain threshold (PPT) of the headache areas, the type and number of myofascial trigger points (TrP), the soft tissue PPT, and the posture before and after the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant improvement in the HIT-6, the headache PPT, the soft tissue PPT, the TrP, and the posture in Group A and B patients to whom the SMI technique and SMIEx interventions were applied. The biggest reduction and increase in the HIT-6 and the headache PPT respectively were seen in the SMIEx group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSION:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to this study, the SMIEx can be an effective intervention for patients with CTTH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-191667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T13:49:30Z","timestamp":1619790570000},"page":"989-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effect of suboccipital muscle inhibition and posture correction exercises on chronic tension-type headaches"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Sung Hak","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kaya University","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Tel.: +82 55 330 1054; Fax: +82 55 344 5285;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1994.hed3401001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"International Headache Society The International classification of headache disorders 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia 2013: 33(9): 661.","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102413485658"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2007.00885.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1443-8461(01)80045-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1526-4610.1998.3807497.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2006.00288.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.18.1569"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e3679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2009.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmpt.2013.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"StanleyS DennisJD. Myofascial (soft tissue) techniques: An osteopathic approach to diagnosis and treatment. 3rd ed. 2005: 80-82."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2011.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/106698105790824888"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.066837"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"ManheimCJ. The myofascial release manual. 3rd ed. Thorofare New Jersey 2001: 36-41."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"251","article-title":"Kinetic control","author":"Comerford M","year":"2011","unstructured":"ComerfordM MottramS. Kinetic control. Elsevier Australia. 2011; 251-257, 329-331.","journal-title":"Elsevier Australia"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a1026119331193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2006.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3959(96)03248-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","unstructured":"TravellJ SimonsDG SimonsLS. Myofascial pain and dysfunction: The trigger point manual. 2nd ed. 1999: 185-189."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbmt.2005.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","unstructured":"PalastangaN FieldD SoamesR. Anatomy and Human Movement: Structure and Function. Oxford: 4th ed. Butterworth Heinemann 2002: 592-594."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2011.01204.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"The anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache","volume":"15","author":"Bogduk N","year":"1992","unstructured":"BogdukN. The anatomical basis for cervicogenic headache. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 1992; 15(1): 67-70.","journal-title":"Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2000.00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Functional anatomy of joints and discs","author":"Penning L","year":"1989","unstructured":"PenningL. Functional anatomy of joints and discs. The cervical spine. 2nd ed. 1989: 33-56.","journal-title":"The cervical spine."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1051800307"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"433","article-title":"MRI of normal & atrophic muscle of the upper cervical spine","volume":"18","author":"Hallgren RC","year":"1993","unstructured":"HallgrenRC GreenmanPE RechtienJJ. MRI of normal & atrophic muscle of the upper cervical spine. J Clin Eng. 1993; 18(5): 433-439.","journal-title":"J Clin Eng."}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/BMR-191667","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/BMR-191667","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/BMR-191667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:26:33Z","timestamp":1777382793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/BMR-191667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/BMR-191667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bmr-191667","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-8127","1878-6324"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"},{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}}}