{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T19:16:05Z","timestamp":1787858165118,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The child\u2019s spine shows changes in posture and balance of its curvatures during growth and musculoskeletal spinal conditions are likely to develop, such as back pain (BP). OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were (a) to describe the sagittal spinal alignment in a relaxed standing position and (b) to analyze its association with BP among 8 to 12-year-old children. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 731 elementary schoolchildren (379 girls and 352 boys), from 16 Spanish schools, participated. An unilevel inclinometer was used to quantify the sagittal spinal curvatures (thoracic and lumbar) in a relaxed standing position. Sagittal spinal morphotype was analyzed by sex, age, weight, height, and BMI. Children\u2019s parents or legal guardians filled in a questionnaire according to the children\u2019s responses about the BP suffered in the previous week and the preceding year. RESULTS: The mean angular value of thoracic kyphosis was 36.08 \u00b1 8.99\u2218 and significantly higher in males than in females (p= 0.036). In contrast, the mean value of lumbar lordosis was 32.11 \u00b1 7.46\u2218, being higher in females than in men (p&lt; 0.01). The thoracic curve tends to increase by age (p= 0.003). Children who had low back pain (LBP) in the previous week had a significantly greater lumbar curve (35.88 \u00b1 8.20\u2218) than those who did not have LBP in the preceding week (32.24 \u00b1 7.30\u2218). The angle for lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children (OR = 1.082 [small]; 95% CI = 1.009\u20131.160, p= 0.028). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, almost 3\/4 of the students were classified with normal thoracic kyphosis; however, 27.36% of the students had thoracic hyperkyphosis. Lumbar hyperlordosis was identified in 9.05% of the students, and was 2.5 times more frequent in girls. The lumbar curvature was a small predictor of LBP occurrence in the assessed children and the angle of lumbar curvature that most accurately identified individuals at risk of developing LBP was determined to be 33\u2218. The results of this study indicate the need to assess sagittal spinal curvatures at school during development ages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-191727","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T09:55:56Z","timestamp":1599558956000},"page":"1003-1014","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Sagittal standing spinal alignment and back pain in 8 to 12-year-old children from the Region of Murcia, Spain: The ISQUIOS Program"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Pilar","family":"Sainz de Baranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"And\u00fajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Albacete University Hospital Complex, Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Collazo-Di\u00e9guez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Albacete University Hospital Complex, Albacete, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Pastor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Medicine Center, Town Hall of Cartagena, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Santonja-Renedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Intern Residency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Aparicio-Sarmiento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cejudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ferr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Activity and Sport, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Santonja-Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-191727_ref1","unstructured":"Hamill J, Knutzen K. 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