{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:28:02Z","timestamp":1791296882183,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The lower back is the most common injury location in pole vaulters, but the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration is not known. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration in pole vaulters. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Tokai area of Japan and included 21 pole vaulters (mean \u00b1 standard deviation [range]: age, 22.2 \u00b1 3.2 [18\u201328] years; height, 172.2 \u00b1 4.7 [165.0\u2013182.0] cm; body weight, 67.6 \u00b1 7.3 [54.0\u2013 80.0] kg). The majority of pole vaulters were collegiate athletes. We performed anterior, lateral, and oblique radiography at 45\u2218 and magnetic resonance imaging in the sagittal and coronal planes of the lumbar spine. The evaluation was performed independently of whether the athletes had lower back pain (LBP). Moreover, we investigated the duration of pole-vaulting experience and history and current presence of LBP using a questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration was 28.6% (6\/21) and 38.1% (8\/21), respectively. Herniation was found in six discs in four vaulters (19.0%). All athletes had a history of LBP. The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis was high (28.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Sport-specific movements performed by pole vaulters may be a risk factor for lumbar spondylolysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-200296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T12:29:39Z","timestamp":1622809779000},"page":"147-151","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The prevalence of spondylolysis and intervertebral disc degeneration in male pole vaulters"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shota","family":"Enoki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Kuramochi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinya","family":"Nakajyuku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida Orthopedic Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirohito","family":"Mitsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"School of Health and Sport Sciences, Chukyo University, Aichi, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yoshida Orthopedic Hospital, Toyota, Aichi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-010-1454-4","article-title":"Incidence and etiology of lumbar spondylolysis: review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Sakai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508323252","article-title":"Lumbar intervertebral disk degeneration in athletes","volume":"37","author":"Hangai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514564542","article-title":"A prospective study of injury patterns in collegiate pole vaulters","volume":"43","author":"Rebella","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100201","article-title":"Biomechanics of the spine in the polevaulter as related to spondylolysis","volume":"11","author":"Gainor","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Sports 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players","volume":"27","author":"Jones","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509336927","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging findings of the lumbar spine in elite horseback riders: correlations with back pain, body mass index, trunk\/leg-length coefficient, and riding discipline","volume":"37","author":"Kraft","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967114528862","article-title":"High prevalence of disc degeneration and spondylolysis in the lumbar spine of professional beach volleyball players","volume":"2","author":"Kulling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-1862-1","article-title":"MRI findings in the lumbar spines of asymptomatic elite junior tennis players","volume":"43","author":"Rajeswaran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.3.292","article-title":"Sagittal pelvic radius in low-grade isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis of chinese population","volume":"59","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280012101","article-title":"The prevalence of spondylolysis in the Spanish elite athlete","volume":"28","author":"Soler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-017-4545-3","article-title":"Disc degeneration on MRI is more prevalent in young elite skiers compared to controls","volume":"26","author":"Witwit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0206125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206125","article-title":"Incidence rates and characteristics of abnormal lumbar findings and low back pain in child and adolescent weightlifter: a prospective three-year cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Shimozaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/BMR-200296_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513495173","article-title":"Risk factors for lumbar disc degeneration in high school American football players: a prospective 2-year follow-up study","volume":"41","author":"Nagashima","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal 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