{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:27:12Z","timestamp":1788413232882,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Although there are a few studies on the seasonality of facial paralysis, no studies have utilized internet data for this purpose. The use of internet data to investigate diseases and user-contributed health-related content is increasingly prevalent, and has earned the name \u201cinfodemiology\u201d. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to use Google Trends data to investigate whether there is a seasonal variation in facial paralysis. METHODS: In this observational study, the search volume for the terms \u201cfacial paralysis\u201d and \u201cBell\u2019s palsy\u201d for a total of 19 countries was queried from Google Trends, selecting the time interval between January 2004 and October 2020. RESULTS: In the Cosinor analysis of data from a total of 19 countries, from both northern and southern hemisphere, a statistically significant seasonality was found in the search volume of facial paralysis. It was observed that facial paralysis searches peaked in spring in the northern hemisphere and in winter in the southern hemisphere. CONCLUSION: Internet search query data showed that facial paralysis has a seasonal variation, with peaks in spring for the northern hemisphere and winter for the southern hemisphere. Further studies are needed to understand the deviation between hemispheres and the cause of the peak in winter-spring season.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-210021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T11:35:17Z","timestamp":1633088117000},"page":"615-623","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Infodemiology of Bell\u2019s palsy: Tracing the seasonality of facial paralysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Ender","family":"Salba\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Omer Halisdemir University Medical Faculty, Bor Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Nigde, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serta\u00e7","family":"Ketenci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Department, Manisa City Hospital, Manisa, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736","article-title":"Bell\u2019s palsy: The spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral facial nerve palsies of different etiologies","author":"Peitersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Batista KT, Facial paralysis: Epidemiological analysis in a rehabilitation hospital, Rev. Bras. Cir. Pl\u00e1st. 26(4) (2011). Available from: http:\/\/www.rbcp.org.br\/details\/893\/pt-BR.","DOI":"10.1590\/S1983-51752011000100025"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813505967","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: Bell\u2019s palsy","volume":"149","author":"Baugh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e128","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2934","article-title":"Use of the internet as a health information resource among French young adults: Results from a nationally representative survey","volume":"16","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(02)01473-0","article-title":"Infodemiology: The epidemiology of (mis)information","volume":"113","author":"Eysenbach","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756284820931744"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-4345-2","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the internet searches for gout: An ecological study","volume":"38","author":"Kardes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2013.763804","article-title":"Correlation between the incidence and severity of Bell\u2019s palsy and seasonal variations in Taiwan","volume":"123","author":"Hsieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1159\/000492097","article-title":"Evidence for seasonal variation of bell\u2019s palsy in Germany","volume":"51","author":"Erdur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230190045013","article-title":"Nonepidemic incidence of idiopathic facial paralysis. Seasonal distribution of 419 cases in three years","volume":"227","author":"Adour","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5455\/medscience.2019.08.9053","article-title":"Seasonal distribution of the incidence of bell\u2019s palsy","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicine Science | International Medical Journal"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref13","first-page":"505","article-title":"Seasonal effects on bell\u2019s palsy: Four-year study and review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Narci","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iran Red Crescent Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70418-3","article-title":"Seasonal patterns of idiopathic facial paralysis: A 16-year study","volume":"120","author":"De Diego","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4682-11-16","article-title":"Cosinor-based rhythmometry","volume":"11","author":"Cornelissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theor Biol Med Model"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200900299","article-title":"Simultaneous and selective inference: Current successes and future challenges","volume":"52","author":"Benjamini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.8870"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2017.06.001","article-title":"Is google trends a reliable tool for digital epidemiology? Insights from different clinical settings","volume":"7","author":"Cervellin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref22","first-page":"65","article-title":"Is internet search better than structured instruction for web-based health education","volume":"190","author":"Finkelstein","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.9366"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210021_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf009","article-title":"Effects of climate, latitude, and season on the incidence of Bell\u2019s palsy in the US Armed Forces, October 1997 to September 1999","volume":"156","author":"Campbell","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/BMR-210021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T13:26:51Z","timestamp":1777382811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/BMR-210021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/bmr-210021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-6324","1053-8127"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-6324","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1053-8127","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,11]]}}}