{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:32:42Z","timestamp":1777465962695,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Several biomechanical outcomes are being used to monitor the risk of injuries; therefore, their reliability and measurement errors need to be known. OBJECTIVE: To measure the reliability and measurement error in lower limb 3D gait analysis outcomes during a 90\u2218 and 135\u2218 change of direction (COD) manoeuvre. METHODS: A test re-test reliability study for ten healthy recreational players was conducted at seven-day intervals. Kinematics (Hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation angles and knee flexion abduction angles) and kinetics (Knee abduction moment and vertical ground reaction force) data during cutting 90\u2218 and 135\u2218 were collected using 3D gait analysis and force platform. Five trials for each task and leg were collected. Standard error of measurement (SEM) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated from the randomised leg. RESULT: The ICC values of the kinematics, kinetics, and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) outcomes (90\u2218 and 135\u2218) ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, showing good to excellent reliability. The SEM for joint angles was less than 1.69\u2218. The VGRV showed a higher ICC value than the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: The current study results support the use of kinematics, kinetics, and VGRF outcomes for the assessment of knee ACL risk in clinic or research. However, the hip internal rotation angle should be treated with caution since the standard measurement error exceeded 10% compared to the mean value. The measurement errors provided in the current study are valuable for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-210351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T10:50:39Z","timestamp":1660042239000},"page":"173-180","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The reliability of lower limb 3D gait analysis variables during a change of direction to 90- and 135-degree manoeuvres in recreational soccer players"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Ayman","family":"Alhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Herrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omar W.","family":"Althomali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha\u2019il, Ha\u2019ll, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210351_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.5792\/ksrr.17.065","article-title":"A comparison of results after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in over 40 and under 40 years of age: A meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knee Surg Relat Res."},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-210351_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2012.680633","article-title":"Systematic Review: Annual Incidence of ACL Injury and Surgery in Various Populations","volume":"20","author":"Moses","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Sports Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.3233\/BMR-210351_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2016-096274","article-title":"\u201cWhat\u2019s my risk of sustaining an ACL injury while playing sports\u201d? 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