{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T05:17:05Z","timestamp":1792819025901,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Studies on the effects of performing short foot exercises (SFEs) on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effects of SFEs. METHODS: \u2018SFE\u2019 and \u2018intrinsic foot muscle\u2019 were keywords used to search for randomized controlled trials. One researcher screened relevant articles based on their titles and abstracts, and two independent researchers closely read the texts, accepting nine studies for inclusion. Outcomes, intervention duration, frequency, and the number of interventions were investigated. RESULTS: Of 299 potential studies identified, the titles and abstracts of 211 studies were reviewed, and 192 were excluded. The full texts of 21 studies were obtained and evaluated according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies concerning the MLA were identified, with four reporting MLA improvement. There was no consensus concerning the number and frequency of SFEs performed, and the mechanism of MLA improvement was unclear. MLA improvement was observed in participants who undertook \u2a7e 5\u00a0weeks of interventions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that performing SFEs for \u2a7e 5\u00a0weeks is effective in improving the MLA. Randomized controlled trials with details concerning the number and frequency of treatments are required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-210374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T12:22:04Z","timestamp":1658233324000},"page":"21-33","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The effects of short foot exercises to treat flat foot deformity: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Shigeyuki","family":"Hara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan"},{"name":"Inclusive Medical Science Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, 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