{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T16:48:56Z","timestamp":1792082936078,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668211200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Shoulder external rotation in the throwing motion involves movement of the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joints, thoracic spine, and the thorax. Restriction of thoracic expansion may decrease scapulothoracic joint motion and compensate by excessive glenohumeral joint motion. However, it is unclear how restricting the expansion of the thorax alters shoulder motion. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate changes in scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint movements caused by restricted thoracic expansion. METHODS: Kinematic data were obtained using an electromagnetic tracking device (Liberty; Polhemus), from 18 male participants, during shoulder external rotation in the sitting position with and without restriction of thoracic expansion. The displacements from the start position to the maximum external rotation position were compared, and Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient was calculated. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the scapulothoracic posterior tilt angle (P&lt; 0.01) and glenohumeral external rotation angle (P&lt; 0.01). A significant positive correlation existed between scapulothoracic posterior tilt and glenohumeral external rotation (P&lt; 0.05) with and without restriction. CONCLUSIONS: Restriction of thoracic expansion decreased scapulothoracic motion and increased glenohumeral motion. Thus, a decrease in thoracic expansion may change scapulothoracic and glenohumeral movements, which may be a risk factor for throwing injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-220006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T11:47:14Z","timestamp":1655207234000},"page":"1399-1406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of thoracic expansion restriction on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint motion during shoulder external rotation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mitsuhiro","family":"Yoshimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriaki","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Fukui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsubasa","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuki","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeru","family":"Abekura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukio","family":"Urabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-220006_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117695085"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220006_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518760573","article-title":"Risk factors for elbow and shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Norton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220006_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510384224","article-title":"Risk of serious injury for young baseball pitchers: a 10-year prospective study","volume":"39","author":"Fleisig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-220006_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120932101"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220006_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658301100102","article-title":"An EMG analysis of the shoulder in throwing and pitching","volume":"11","author":"Jobe","year":"1983","journal-title":"A preliminary report. 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