{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:33:08Z","timestamp":1777465988098,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Persisting back pain is a frequent consequence after severe trauma including injury to the spine. Reports on the incidence and relevance of back pain in severely injured patients in the absence of direct injury to the spine are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of relevant back pain and its effect on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in trauma patients with spine injury compared to patients without direct impact to spine postdischarge and two years after trauma within an observational study. METHODS: A two-year follow-up survey by using the Polytrauma Outcome Chart (PoloChart) and a set of specific questionnaires on socioeconomic and other HRQoL aspects was conducted among adult patients that had been treated for severe traumatic injuries (ISS \u2a7e 9) at a German level 1 trauma center between 2008 and 2017. Patient subgroups included patients with relevant (VAS \u2a7e 3) versus non-relevant back pain (VAS &lt; 3) stratified by visual analogue scale (VAS 0\u201310). Patients with relevant back pain were separated into patients with (AIS spine \u2a7e 1) and without spine injury (AIS spine = 0) according to the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS). RESULTS: 543\/1010 questionnaires were returned yielding a response rate of 54%. Patients were predominantly male (n= 383\/543; 71%) with a mean age 45 \u00b1 19 years, mostly blunt trauma (n= 524\/543; 97%) and a mean ISS 18 \u00b1 12 points. 32.4% of patients had sustained a spine injury defined by an AIS spine \u2a7e 1 (n= 176\/543). Half of these patients suffered from relevant back pain two years after trauma (n= 90\/176; 51.1%); in contrast, in non-spine injured patients one in three patients reported relevant back pain (n= 127\/367; 34.6%). Patients with relevant back pain reported significantly lower HRQoL as measured by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and the Trauma Outcome Profile. The use of pain medication after discharge and at two years after trauma was significantly higher in patients with relevant back pain (n= 183\/211; 86.7% vs. n= 214\/318; 75.8%; p&lt; 0.001; pain medication 2 years after trauma: n= 113\/210, 53.8% vs. 68\/317, 21.5%, p&lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION: Persisting back pain is frequent at two years after trauma independent of presence or absence of initial injury to the spine and associated with lower HRQoL in almost every dimension including physical, mental and social domains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/bmr-220011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T14:07:30Z","timestamp":1663682850000},"page":"377-385","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Frequency of relevant back pain two years after trauma and the effect on health-related quality of life"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sigune","family":"Kaske","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"Tjardes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Lefering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bertil","family":"Bouillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Maegele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Cologne-Merheim Medical Center (CMMC), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Private University of Witten\/Herdecke, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00482-016-0112-y","article-title":"Pain assessment of severely injured patients 2 years after trauma","volume":"30","author":"Kaske","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schmerz."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-007-0395-x","article-title":"Pain regulation and health-related quality of life after thoracolumbar fractures of the spine","volume":"16","author":"Briem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318067dce8","article-title":"Factors associated with back pain after physical injury: A survey of consecutive major trauma patients","volume":"32","author":"Harris","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364610389357","article-title":"Prevalence of back pain, its effect on functional ability and health-related quality of life in lower limb amputees secondary to trauma or tumour: A comparison across three levels of amputation","volume":"35","author":"Hammarlund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-005-1044-x","article-title":"Pain assessment","author":"Haefeli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.01.002","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the Trauma Outcome Profile (TOP) in the longer-term follow-up of polytrauma patients","volume":"43","author":"Attenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-011-0149-7","article-title":"Quality of Life after multiple trauma: Validation and population norm of the Polytrauma Outcome (POLO)-Chart","volume":"38","author":"Lefering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Europ J Trauma Emerg Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/BMR-220011_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). 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The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of low back pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. 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