{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T16:37:13Z","timestamp":1777480633730,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CBM"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR) can be used to predict total nicotine clearance. However, it is unknown whether NMR could be used as a marker of lung cancer risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the blood metabolites of nicotine relating to the risk of developing lung cancer and investigate the combined effects of NMR and cigarette per day on the risk of lung cancer. METHODS: Among the 1,054 eligible subjects from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II biobank cohort, those with cotinine values below 0 ng\/ml were excluded. Slow and fast metabolizer groups were defined using the median value of the NMR, calculated with the control group data, as the cut-point. RESULTS: The multivariable Cox proportional hazard models demonstrated that, the fast metabolizer group had a significantly higher risk of lung cancer than the slow metabolizer group (Adjusted HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.32\u20133.10). Fast metabolizers who smoked more than 15 cigarettes per day had an even higher risk of lung cancer (Adjusted HR: 3.51, 95% CI: 1.96\u20136.29) than the slow metabolizers who smoked less than 15 cigarettes per day. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the NMR may be an effective marker for estimating tobacco-related disease risks such as lung cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/cbm-220023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T11:12:14Z","timestamp":1668165134000},"page":"409-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations of biomarkers for exposure to tobacco smoke with lung cancer risk in Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Guen Hui","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joyce Mary","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Ha","family":"Jee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keum Ji","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion and Institute for Health Promotion, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/CBM-220023_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/B:CACO.0000027481.48153.97","article-title":"Smoking and cancer risk in Korean men 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