{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:21:12Z","timestamp":1789402872053,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Early identification of vulnerable plaques at risk of rupture could help prevent cerebral ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery disease. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) perfusion patterns and serum lipid signatures of carotid artery plaques with the degree of carotid stenosis. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with carotid artery plaques who underwent CEUS were included. All patients underwent CEUS, computed tomography angiography or digital subtraction angiography, and serum lipid testing. RESULTS: The contrast agent enhancement levels and the CEUS perfusion patterns in the plaques were associated with the degree of carotid stenosis (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). Serum free fatty acid (FFA) was associated with the contrast agent enhancement levels (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05), but did not correlate with the degree of stenosis (P\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05). There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides with respect to contrast agent enhancement levels (P\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05) or the degree of stenosis (P\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05). CONCLUSION: A high level of CEUS perfusion and increased serum FFA levels are indicative of vulnerable carotid plaques, which may be useful for the prediction of stroke in patients with carotid artery disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ch-190804","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T14:41:02Z","timestamp":1581086462000},"page":"349-359","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion patterns and serum lipid signatures of vulnerable carotid artery plaque in predicting stroke: A cohort study of carotid stenosis in Chinese patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Yunqian","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junmei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref1","first-page":"611","article-title":"China Stroke Prevention report, 2017","volume":"15","author":"Longde","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of cerebrovascular diseases[J]"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: Who should be screened, who should be treated and how should we treat them?[J]","volume":"58","author":"Dd","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2011.151","article-title":"Time to rethink management strategies in asymptomatic carotid artery disease[J]","volume":"9","author":"Naylor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"6846","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(54)90544-9","article-title":"Reconstruction of internal carotid artery in a patient with intermittent attacks of hemiplegia[J]","volume":"267","author":"Eastcott","year":"1954","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400103","article-title":"Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group[J]","volume":"340","author":"O\u2019leary","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-190719"},{"key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.03.002","article-title":"Recurrent coronary vasospasm-induced acute coronary syndrome complicated by cardiac arrest[J]","volume":"184","author":"Chyrchel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.220.1.r01jl35179","article-title":"Carotid artery stenosis: Prospective comparison of CT, three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MR, and conventional angiography[J]","volume":"220","author":"Randoux","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S18","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio1157","article-title":"Imaging of the vasa vasorum[J]","volume":"5 Suppl 2","author":"Granada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.006483","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for the evaluation of neovascularization in atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques[J]","volume":"45","author":"Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2015.06.077","article-title":"Spatio-temporal Quantification of Carotid Plaque Neovascularization on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound: Correlation with Visual Grading and Histopathology[J]","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.12.022","article-title":"Anticoagulant therapy and outcomes in patients with prior or acute heart failure and acute coronary syndromes: Insights from the APixaban for PRevention of Acute ISchemic Events 2 trial[J]","volume":"169","author":"Cornel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01146","article-title":"Assessment of Carotid Intraplaque Neovascularization Using Superb Microvascular Imaging in High Risk of Stroke Individuals: Results From a Community-Based Study[J]","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2016.02.012","article-title":"Detection of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Neovascularization Using Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies[J]","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-199224","article-title":"Color coded perfusion analysis and microcirculation imaging with contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for post-interventional success control following thermal ablative techniques of primary and secondary liver malignancies[J]","volume":"73","author":"Rennert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Hemorheol Microcirc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc","article-title":"2013 ESH\/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)[J]","volume":"31","author":"Mancia","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-019-1251-4","article-title":"Evidence for and Against ACC\/AHA 2017 Guideline for Target Systolic Blood Pressure of\u200a<\u200a130\u200ammHg in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes[J]","volume":"21","author":"Shen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1281676","article-title":"The EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Practice of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS): Update 2011 on non-hepatic applications[J]","volume":"33","author":"Piscaglia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2015.09.007","article-title":"The Use of Contrast-enhanced Ultrasonography for Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: Current Evidence, Future Directions[J]","volume":"26","author":"Saha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328342991c","article-title":"Fatty acid regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism[J]","volume":"14","author":"Jump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.09.040","article-title":"Free fatty acid as a determinant of ischemic lesion volume in nonarterial-origin embolic stroke[J]","volume":"382","author":"Chung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9756-y","article-title":"Elevated Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Free Fatty Acid Levels Are Associated with Unfavorable Functional Outcome in Subjects with Acute Ischemic Stroke[J]","volume":"54","author":"Duan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000264","article-title":"High free fatty acid level is associated with recurrent stroke in cardioembolic stroke patients[J]","volume":"82","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2015.06.006","article-title":"Cerebrospinal Fluid Free Fatty Acid Levels Are Associated with Stroke Subtypes and Severity in Chinese Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke[J]","volume":"84","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.005752","article-title":"Three-dimensional carotid ultrasound plaque texture predicts vascular events[J]","volume":"45","author":"Van Engelen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1882","article-title":"Relationship between Plaque Echo, Thickness and Neovascularization Assessed by Quantitative and Semi-quantitative Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Different Stenosis Groups[J]","volume":"43","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2512081829","article-title":"Correlation of carotid plaque neovascularization detected by using contrast-enhanced US with clinical symptoms[J]","volume":"251","author":"Xiong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"126","key":"10.3233\/CH-190804_ref28","first-page":"183","article-title":"Acidemia and blood free fatty acids: Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors in a new context","volume":"23","author":"Reis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Discovery medicine"}],"container-title":["Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/CH-190804","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:08:05Z","timestamp":1777388885000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/CH-190804"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/ch-190804","relation":{},"ISSN":["1386-0291","1875-8622"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1386-0291","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8622","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}