{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:12:43Z","timestamp":1777497163233,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["CH"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>AIM: Preoperative suspicion of malignancy in nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) is mostly based on tumor size. We retrospectively analyzed the contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) features of a series of histopathologically proved nonfunctioning pNETs. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 37 surgery and histologically proved nonfunctioning pNETs were included. All pNETs lesions were incidentally detected by transabdominal ultrasound. B mode ultrasound (BMUS) and CEUS features were reviewed and analyzed. 52 histopathologically proved pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDACs) lesions were included as a control group. RESULTS: All nonfunctioning pNETs patients showed no typical clinical symptoms. No significant differences were observed in size, echogenicity or internal color flow imaging signal between pNETs and PDAC patients (P\u200a&gt;\u200a0.05). Most of nonfunctioning pNETs showed a well-defined tumor margin. The presence of pancreatic duct dilatation was less frequently observed in nonfunctioning pNETs patients (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). After injection of ultrasound contrast agents, homogeneous enhancement was more commonly observed in nonfunctioning pNETs group (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). During arterial phase of CEUS, most of nonfunctioning pNETs were hyper- or isoenhanced (32\/37, 86.5%), whereas most of PDACs were hypoenhanced (34\/52, 65.4%) (P\u200a&lt;\u200a0.05). Nonenhanced necrosis area was more commonly detected in PDACs (P\u200a=\u200a0.012). CONCLUSIONS: CEUS features are helpful for preoperative non-invasive differential diagnosis of nonfunctioning pNETs, assisting further clinical decision-making process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/ch-211269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T21:05:31Z","timestamp":1633122331000},"page":"343-352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidental nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Contrast enhanced ultrasound features in diagnosis1"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Daohui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dansong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 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