{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:31:32Z","timestamp":1777660292692,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541030400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Human Antibodies"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this national comprehensive seroprevalence study, indirect ELISA test was used to evaluate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                    type b (Hib) anti-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP) total antibodies (IgM, IgG, IgA) in 1,003 sera samples from routine medical check-up of healthy individuals attending the local medical facility in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in the period from February 2014 to January 2016. Serum anti-CPS antibodies confer immunity against invasive Hib disease. An anti-CPS concentration of\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\geqslant\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mo>\u2a7e<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    0.15\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/mL is believed to be a serological indication for short-term immunity protection against invasive Hib disease, while a concentration of\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\geqslant\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mo>\u2a7e<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    1.0\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/mL is believed to be long-term protective. Results showed higher level of anti-Hib IgG (2.41\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/ml average geometric mean concentration (GMC) regardless of age and gender, followed by levels of IgM (0.91\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/ml) and IgA (0.34\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/ml), reflecting the community immunity against Hib. Low anti-Hib level (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"&lt;\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    0.15\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" alttext=\"\\mu\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mi>\u03bc<\/mml:mi>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    g\/ml of anti-PRP IgG) in elderly people (males aged 57\u201391 years and females aged 35\u201364 years) may indicate a need for a booster dose of Hib vaccine to elderly people in the community. The IgG prevalence over IgM, and IgM prevalence over IgA indicate the major role of IgG over IgM and IgA in keeping immunity in the track against Hib. Low level of IgM and IgA comparing to IgG may indicate the absence of Hib acute infections in the population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/hab-180342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,22]],"date-time":"2018-06-22T11:18:41Z","timestamp":1529666321000},"page":"225-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antibodies prevalence against\n                    <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>\n                    type b in Jeddah population, Saudi Arabia. I. Total antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Adi Essam","family":"Zarei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University","place":["Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Main Medical Laboratory, Medical Services, Saudi Airlines, Jeddah 21231, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elrashdy M.","family":"Redwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdulaziz University","place":["Saudi Arabia"]},{"name":"Main Medical Laboratory, Medical Services, Saudi Airlines, Jeddah 21231, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"Die Aetiologie der Influenza","volume":"13","author":"Pfeiffer R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"PfeifferR., Die Aetiologie der Influenza, Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Die Gesamte Hygiene Und Ihre Grenzgebiete 13 (1983), 357\u2013386.","journal-title":"Zeitschrift F\u00fcr Die Gesamte Hygiene Und Ihre Grenzgebiete"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.53.4.471"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.302"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S29"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Circulating Anti-Haemophilus influenzae Type b Antibodies Contributing to Direct and Herd Immunity","volume":"23","author":"Zarei A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"ZareiA. 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