{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:32:10Z","timestamp":1777660330583,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HAB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/hab-190373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,5]],"date-time":"2019-04-05T10:50:13Z","timestamp":1554461413000},"page":"201-212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Circulating innate and adaptive immunity against anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Adi\u00a0E.","family":"Zarei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Main Medical Laboratory, Medical Services, Saudi Airlines, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mustafa\u00a0H.","family":"Linjawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elrashdy\u00a0M.","family":"Redwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Main Medical Laboratory, Medical Services, Saudi Airlines, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref1","unstructured":"Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, in WHO."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref2","unstructured":"Global Programme for Vaccines and Immunization (GPV), The WHO position paper on Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines, Wkly Epidemiol Rec 73 (1998), 64\u201368."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref3","unstructured":"WHO position paper on Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. (Replaces WHO position paper on Hib vaccines previously published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record, Wkly Epidemiol Rec 81 (2006), 445\u2013452."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref7","first-page":"460","article-title":"Update on Routine Childhood and Adolescent Immunizations","volume":"92","author":"Ackerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500020055031","article-title":"Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era","volume":"269","author":"Adams","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.C. Aguilar and E.G. Rodriguez, Vaccine adjuvants revisited, Vaccine 25 (2007), 3752\u20133762.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.01.111"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/50.3.131","article-title":"Haemophilus type B meningitis in Saudi children under 5 years old","volume":"50","author":"Al-Mazrou","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref11","first-page":"35","article-title":"Conjugated pneumococcal vaccine for children in saudi arabia: Following the footsteps of hib vaccine","volume":"83","author":"Al-Zamil","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/1120009X.2001.11782326","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in Saudi Arabia: The impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination","volume":"13","author":"Almuneef","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199004000-00008","article-title":"Variability in the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b","volume":"27","author":"Amir","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.1.163","article-title":"Bactericidal and opsonic activity of IgG1 and IgG2 anticapsular antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b","volume":"162","author":"Amir","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.7.3698","article-title":"Neonatal administration of IL-12 enhances the protective efficacy of antiviral vaccines","volume":"164","author":"Arulanandam","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007668003578","article-title":"Natural Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies in 412 infants and children from West Africa (Burkina-Faso) and France: A cross-sectional serosurvey","volume":"15","author":"Ballereau","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000193","article-title":"Pediatric invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in Israel in the era of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine: A nationwide prospective study","volume":"33","author":"Bamberger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90124-G","article-title":"Characterization of the serum antibody response induced by Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus protein-conjugate vaccine in infants receiving a DTP-combined vaccine from 2 months of age","volume":"11","author":"Barra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S29","article-title":"A prospective, population-based study of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in The Gambia and the possible consequences","volume":"165","author":"Bijlmer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0402.980210","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae invasive disease in the United States, 1994\u20131995: Near disappearance of a vaccine-preventable childhood disease","volume":"4","author":"Bisgard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(83)90894-0","article-title":"Eight hundred and seventy-five cases of bacterial meningitis. Part I of a three-part series: Clinical data, prognosis, and the role of specialised hospital departments","volume":"7","author":"Bohr","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91837-X","article-title":"Bacterial antigens cross-reactive with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b","volume":"1","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of haemophilus influenzae type b disease: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP)","volume":"63","author":"Briere","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.40.1.245-256.1983","article-title":"Further studies on the immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal type 6A polysaccharide-protein conjugates","volume":"40","author":"Chu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit579","article-title":"Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in England and Wales: Who is at risk after 2 decades of routine childhood vaccination","volume":"57","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref26","first-page":"404","article-title":"Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type B disease among Navajo Indians","volume":"99","author":"Coulehan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.4.720","article-title":"A two-year prospective, nationwide study to determine the epidemiology and impact of invasive childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in Israel. The Israeli Pediatric Bacteremia and Meningitis Group","volume":"15","author":"Dagan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1017\/S002217240007025X","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis\u2013ten years experience","volume":"88","author":"Davey","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref29","first-page":"758","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in childhood: A 13 year review","volume":"101","author":"Dawson","year":"1988","journal-title":"N Z Med J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)80424-X","article-title":"Comparative trial in infants of four conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines","volume":"120","author":"Decker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1086\/511861","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease, especially in persons > or = 65 years old","volume":"44","author":"Dworkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80268-8","article-title":"Concentrations of antibodies in paired maternal and infant sera: Relationship to IgG subclass","volume":"111","author":"Einhorn","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030737","article-title":"Rapid assessment tool for Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in developing countries","volume":"10","author":"Feikin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1993.tb04303.x","article-title":"Neglected pathogens: Bacterial infections in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of the literature (1)","volume":"13","author":"Fish","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E60","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.4.e60","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae Type b disease among Amish children in Pennsylvania: Reasons for persistent disease","volume":"108","author":"Fry","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1086\/314569","article-title":"Reemergence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in a well-vaccinated population in remote Alaska","volume":"179","author":"Galil","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112480","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in southwestern Alaska","volume":"106","author":"Gilsdorf","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J.R. Gilsdorf, Haemophilus Influenzae, Science + Business Media LLC, New York: Springer, 2009.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09843-2_17"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/135.1.94","article-title":"Cross-antigenicity and immunogenicity between capsular polysaccharides of group C Neisseria meningitidis and of Escherichia coli K92","volume":"135","author":"Glode","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1086\/517407","article-title":"Antibody avidity as a surrogate marker of successful priming by Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines following infant immunization","volume":"177","author":"Goldblatt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-012-0151-0","article-title":"Introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) as pentavalent(DPT-HepB-Hib) vaccine in two states of India","volume":"49","author":"Gupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199005000-00004","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in Bedouins and Jews in southern Israel","volume":"9","author":"Halfon-Yaniv","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1991.tb142183.x","article-title":"Bacterial meningitis in children under five years of age in Western Australia","volume":"155","author":"Hanna","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb07959.x","article-title":"The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus toxoid antibodies, with age, in the UK","volume":"93","author":"Hazlewood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6800.441","article-title":"Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b invasive disease in Wales","volume":"303","author":"Howard","year":"1991","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit598","article-title":"The effectiveness of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine in The Gambia 14 years after introduction","volume":"57","author":"Howie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1994.11747700","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae infections in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"14","author":"Hussey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref49","first-page":"51","article-title":"Epidemiology of post-neonatal bacterial meningitis in Cape Town children","volume":"87","author":"Hussey","year":"1997","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S165","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/165-Supplement_1-S165","article-title":"High antibody responses to booster doses of either Haemophilus influenzae capsular polysaccharide or conjugate vaccine after primary immunization with conjugate vaccines","volume":"165","author":"Kayhty","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/155.1.100","article-title":"Immunogenicity in infants of a vaccine composed of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide mixed with DPT or conjugated to diphtheria toxoid","volume":"155","author":"Kayhty","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/147.6.1100","article-title":"The protective level of serum antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b","volume":"147","author":"Kayhty","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2000.122","article-title":"Follow-up of Saudi children vaccinated with Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine","volume":"20","author":"Khalil","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149891","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149891","article-title":"Identification and Characterization of msf, a Novel Virulence Factor in Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"11","author":"Kress-Bennett","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003","article-title":"Identification of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes by standard slide agglutination serotyping and PCR-based capsule typing","volume":"41","author":"LaClaire","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.097","article-title":"The immunogenicity of pneumococcal polysaccharides in infants and children: A meta-regression","volume":"29","author":"Laferriere","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0161-5890(87)90067-8","article-title":"Bacterial capsular polysaccharides\u2013biochemistry, immunity and vaccine","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200001000-00003","article-title":"Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Manila, Philippines, 1994 to 1996","volume":"19","author":"Limcangco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(99)00232-7","article-title":"Glycoprotein conjugate vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Lindberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198411000-00012","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae disease in the White Mountain Apaches: Molecular epidemiology of a high risk population","volume":"3","author":"Losonsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.4.1752-1754.1998","article-title":"Aging and the immune response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide: Retention of the dominant idiotype and antibody function in the elderly","volume":"66","author":"Lucas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200204000-00011","article-title":"Reduced effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in children with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection","volume":"21","author":"Madhi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085055","article-title":"The seroepidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type b prior to introduction of an immunization programme in Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"9","author":"Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009005000039","article-title":"Pattern of functional antibody activity against Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) in infants immunized with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis\/Hib Brazilian combination vaccine","volume":"42","author":"Matos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268804002122","article-title":"Long-term impact of vaccination on Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) carriage in the United Kingdom","volume":"132","author":"McVernon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009168","article-title":"Understanding the impact of Hib conjugate vaccine on transmission, immunity and disease in the United Kingdom","volume":"136","author":"McVernon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7467.655","article-title":"Trends in Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in adults in England and Wales: Surveillance study","volume":"329","author":"McVernon","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.4.5.413-417.1976","article-title":"Factors affecting pharyngeal Haemophilus influenzae type b colonization rates in children","volume":"4","author":"Michaels","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09267-7","article-title":"Randomised trial of Haemophilus influenzae type-b tetanus protein conjugate vaccine [corrected] for prevention of pneumonia and meningitis in Gambian infants","volume":"349","author":"Mulholland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(85)80341-3","article-title":"Jr., Pharyngeal colonization with Haemophilus influenzae type b in children in a day care center without invasive disease","volume":"106","author":"Murphy","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60295-3","article-title":"Human immunoglobulins: Classes, subclasses, genetic variants, and idiotypes","volume":"16","author":"Natvig","year":"1973","journal-title":"Adv Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.92.6.827","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in young infants","volume":"92","author":"Paradiso","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199809001-00011","article-title":"Need for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccination in Asia as evidenced by epidemiology of bacterial meningitis","volume":"17","author":"Peltola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref74","first-page":"878","article-title":"Spectrum and burden of severe Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases in Asia","volume":"77","author":"Peltola","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.302","article-title":"Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae type b disease at the beginning of the 21st century: Global analysis of the disease burden 25 years after the use of the polysaccharide vaccine and a decade after the advent of conjugates","volume":"13","author":"Peltola","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2003.10.015","article-title":"Risk factors for invasive disease among children in Spain","volume":"48","author":"Pereiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200101000-00013","article-title":"Immunologic correlates of protection induced by vaccination","volume":"20","author":"Plotkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(08)75498-8","article-title":"[Surveillance of Haemophilus Influenzae meningitis in children in France, 2001\u20132006]","volume":"15","author":"Pop-Jora","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00222-5","article-title":"Natural immunity to Haemophilus influenza b in infancy in Indian children","volume":"19","author":"Puliyel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.07.009","article-title":"The first reported case of possible Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine failure from Kuwait and literature-review","volume":"7","author":"Purohit","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.3.486-490.1986","article-title":"Class and subclass antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule: Comparison of invasive disease and natural exposure","volume":"53","author":"Ramadas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-2007-163-408","article-title":"Cumulative updating of approved biopharmaceuticals","volume":"16","author":"Redwan el","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/15321810903084400","article-title":"Animal-derived pharmaceutical proteins","volume":"30","author":"Redwan el","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunoassay Immunochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-2002-111-211","article-title":"Prevalence of tetanus immunity in the Egyptian population","volume":"11","author":"Redwan el","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.11.004","article-title":"Ovine anti-rabies antibody production and evaluation","volume":"32","author":"Redwan el","year":"2009","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2005.01.001","article-title":"Production and purification of ovine anti-tetanus antibody","volume":"28","author":"Redwan el","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.10598","article-title":"Expression and characterization of a humanized cocaine-binding antibody","volume":"82","author":"Redwan el","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biotechnol Bioeng"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X19865","article-title":"Status of diphtheria immunity in the Egyptian population","volume":"99","author":"Redwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-2005-141-204","article-title":"Surveillance of natural acquired antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b among children in Cairo-Egyptian","volume":"14","author":"Redwan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.09.013","article-title":"Prospective population-based incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Thailand","volume":"22","author":"Rerks-Ngarm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(75)90119-0","article-title":"Cross-reactive antigens and immunity to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria","volume":"56","author":"Robbins","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref92","unstructured":"S.R. Robbins JB and J.C. Parke, Jr., A review of the efficacy trials with Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine, in: Haemophilus Influenzae, W.P. Sell SH, ed., Elsevier Science, New York, 1982, pp. 255\u2013263."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.09.007","article-title":"Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B diseases in Bangladesh, with increased resistance to antibiotics","volume":"146","author":"Saha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480110065035","article-title":"Avidity and bactericidal activity of antibody elicited by different Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. The Vaccine Study Group","volume":"267","author":"Schlesinger","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200108000-00010","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: Impact and effectiveness of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis (-inactivated poliovirus)\/H. influenzae type b combination vaccines","volume":"20","author":"Schmitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s004310050797","article-title":"Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a Haemophilus influenzae type b tetanus conjugate vaccine when administered separately or mixed with concomitant diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine for primary and for booster immunizations","volume":"157","author":"Schmitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.138.2.587","article-title":"Subclass distribution of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide","volume":"138","author":"Shackelford","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3928\/00904481-20111209-11","article-title":"History and development of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine","volume":"41","author":"Shulman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.6.1471","article-title":"Childhood bacterial meningitis in Southwestern Greece: A population-based study","volume":"21","author":"Syrogiannopoulos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.5.982","article-title":"Reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children immunized with an Hib conjugate vaccine","volume":"164","author":"Takala","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref101","first-page":"414","article-title":"Natural immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type b among healthy children in Istanbul, Turkey","volume":"37","author":"Tastan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762004000700004","article-title":"Naturally acquired immunity to Haemophilus influenzae type B in healthy Cuban children","volume":"99","author":"Torano Peraza","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref103","unstructured":"C.L. Trotter, M.E. Ramsay and M.P. Slack, Rising incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in England and Wales indicates a need for a second catch-up vaccination campaign, Commun Dis Public Health 6 (2003), 55\u201358."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/46.6.331","article-title":"Haemophilus influenzae type b still remains a leading cause of meningitis among unvaccinated children\u2013a prospective CSF analysis study","volume":"46","author":"Uduman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.030361","article-title":"Impact of conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine introduction in South Africa","volume":"84","author":"von Gottberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref106","first-page":"155","article-title":"[Resistance surveillance of common community respiratory pathogens isolated in China, 2002\u20132003]","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref107","unstructured":"S. WM, Bacterial meningitis, in: Harrison\u2019s Principles of Internal Medicine, e. a. Fauci AS, ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998, pp. 2419\u20132421."},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2011.39","article-title":"Structure and function relationships in IgA","volume":"4","author":"Woof","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.24.4.273","article-title":"Influenzal meningitis: The relation of age incidence to the bactericidal power of blood against the causal organism","volume":"24","author":"Wright","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-180342","article-title":"Antibodies prevalence against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Jeddah population, Saudi Arabia. I. Total antibodies","volume":"26","author":"Zarei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-180343","article-title":"Antibodies prevalence against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Jeddah population, Saudi Arabia. II. Antibodies subclasses","volume":"27","author":"Zarei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-180345","article-title":"Antibodies prevalence against Haemophilus influenzae type b in Jeddah population, Saudi Arabia. III. Antibodies avidity","volume":"27","author":"Zarei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-190373_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0350-7","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carriage and antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae among children younger than 5 years of age in Beijing, China","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Human Antibodies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/HAB-190373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:22:11Z","timestamp":1777447331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/HAB-190373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/hab-190373","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-869X","1093-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-869X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1093-2607","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]]}}}