{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:33:43Z","timestamp":1777660423341,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HAB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: There are few studies to compare antibody response against anti-spike (S) and anti- nucleoprotein (N) SARS-CoV-2. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the IgG antibody production against S and N antigens of the virus and their correlation with the time and severity of the disease. METHODS: The IgG antibodies against S and N antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in serum specimens of 72 symptomatic patients who tested real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction positive for SARS-CoV-2 were detected using the ELISA technique. Different antibody response was compared and the correlation with the time from disease onset and the severity was evaluated. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 72 (67%) patients tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while 24 (33%) did not have detectable antibodies. Comparison of antibody levels for N and S antibodies showed that they correlate with each other well (r= 0.81; P&lt; 0.001). However, sensitivity of anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 30% and 60%, during the first 7\u00a0days after symptom onset (r= 0.53; P= 0.111), but increased to 73% and 68% at more than 1-week post symptom onset (r= 0.89, P= 0.111), respectively. Cases with positive IgG response showed a decreased CD8+ T cells percentage compared to the negative IgG groups (26 \u00b1 14 vs. 58 \u00b1 32, p= 0.066 in anti-N IgG group and 28 \u00b1 15 vs. 60 \u00b1 45, p= 0.004 in anti-S IgG group, respectively). CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of the confirmed COVID-19 patients had negative serology results. Lower percent positivity at early time points after symptom onset (less than 1\u00a0week) was seen using anti-S SARS-COV-2 IgG kit compare to the anti-N SARS-CoV-2 IgG; therefore, clinicians should interpret negative serology results of especially anti-S SARS-CoV-2 IgG with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/hab-210440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T12:44:43Z","timestamp":1615293883000},"page":"109-113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays against nucleocapsid and spike antigens"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Mitra","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammadhadi","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Korourian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran Pathobiology Laboratory Center, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Payam","family":"Tabarsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mihan","family":"Porabdollah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Mortaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Marjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Akbar","family":"Velayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 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