{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:34:47Z","timestamp":1777660487840,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HAB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is a common cause of malabsorption that is definitively diagnosed by abnormal bowel biopsy, symptoms and histologic changes to gluten free diet. The symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common in our community as the majority of people in Guilan, in the north of Iran, consume rice daily. Also, a number of celiac patients are unknown, and IBS are mistakenly diagnosed. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CD among IBS patients. METHODS: A total of 475 consecutive patients with IBS, confirmed by Rome IV, underwent celiac serological tests antitissue transglutaminase antibodies (IgA-tTG, IgG-tTG) after obtaining a written consent form. In case of positive serological tests, biopsy was performed from small intestine after endoscopy RESULTS: Thirty-one (6.53%, 95% CI: 4.55\u20139.22) patients were positive for celiac serology. Based on Marsh-Oberhuber criteria, out of 9 patients with positive pathology 77.78% (95% CI: 40.19\u201396.05) had marsh IIIc. In IBS patients cramp (0.009) and stomach fullness (0.021) were two statistically significant IBS symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest physicians to consider celiac examinations for all patients with IBS symptoms, even for patients with no obvious celiac symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/hab-211516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,22]],"date-time":"2022-03-22T18:18:17Z","timestamp":1647973097000},"page":"97-103","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The seroprevalence of celiac disease in patients with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: A cross-sectional study in the north of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Farahnaz","family":"Joukar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"},{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Yeganeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"},{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afshin","family":"Shafaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mahjoub-Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheil","family":"Hassanipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Santacroce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mavaddati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Student, University Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariborz","family":"Mansour-Ghanaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"},{"name":"GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.5152\/tjg.2015.150191","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease among the Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"27","author":"Ahadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3615","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.3615","article-title":"Evaluation of the correlation between tTG-IgA titer and duodenal biopsy findings in children with suspected celiac disease","volume":"26","author":"Aldaghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MP.0000062997.16339.47","article-title":"Celiac disease: A progress report","volume":"16","author":"Antonioli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Modern Pathology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref5","first-page":"85","article-title":"Celiac disease in Iranian irritable bowel syndrome patients; a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Azami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Bed to Bench"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.91488","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of celiac disease in children referred for evaluation of anemia: a pediatric hematology unit\u2019s experience","volume":"54","author":"Bansal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1012","article-title":"Role of anti-transglutaminase (anti-tTG), anti-gliadin, and anti-endomysium serum antibodies in diagnosing celiac disease: A comparison of four different commercial kits for anti-tTG determination","volume":"15","author":"Basso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-016-9896-3","article-title":"Small bowel adenocarcinoma in celiac disease: A case report","volume":"49","author":"Buaisha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1380-z","article-title":"Celiac disease: A comprehensive current review","volume":"17","author":"Caio","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.084","article-title":"The prevalence of celiac disease among patients with nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome is similar to controls","volume":"141","author":"Cash","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02609-4","article-title":"Why is coeliac disease endemic in the people of the Sahara","volume":"354","author":"Catassi","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-200501000-00017","article-title":"Antiendomysial and antihuman recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a biopsy-proven European multicentre study","volume":"17","author":"Collin","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2005.035345","article-title":"Coeliac disease: an update for pathologists","volume":"59","author":"Dickson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70007-1","article-title":"Autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase as predictors of celiac disease","volume":"115","author":"Dieterich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e31802e70b1","article-title":"Strongly positive tissue transglutaminase antibodies are associated with Marsh 3 histopathology in adult and pediatric celiac disease","volume":"42","author":"Donaldson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6865917","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6865917","article-title":"The epidemiology of celiac disease in the general population and high-risk groups in arab countries: A systematic review","volume":"2020","author":"El-Metwally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i18.2259","article-title":"Recent advances in celiac disease","volume":"17","author":"Freeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra071600","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"357","author":"Green","year":"2007","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6036","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i42.6036","article-title":"Celiac disease: prevalence, diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Gujral","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-1-3","article-title":"Celiac disease","volume":"1","author":"Holtmeier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref21","first-page":"277","article-title":"Prevalence of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA DQ2 and DQ8) in celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Houshiyar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ardabil Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.466","article-title":"Screening for celiac disease in irritable bowel syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"112","author":"Irvine","year":"2017","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-210445","article-title":"Serological study of celiac disease in children with dental caries","volume":"29","author":"Kalvandi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum Antibodies"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000523","article-title":"Incidence of celiac disease is increasing over time: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.276","article-title":"Update on serologic testing in celiac disease","volume":"105","author":"Leffler","year":"2010","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101491","article-title":"Gluten and functional abdominal pain disorders in children","volume":"10","author":"Llanos-Chea","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2018.09.004","article-title":"Epidemiology of celiac disease","volume":"48","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref28","first-page":"200","article-title":"Celiac disease in patients with irritable bowel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Masoodi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640617731968","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome diagnosis and management: A simplified algorithm for clinical practice","volume":"5","author":"Moayyedi","year":"2017","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterology Journal"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4399","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i32.4399","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase levels above 100\u00a0U\/mL and celiac disease: A prospective study","volume":"18","author":"Mubarak","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21276\/aimdr.2017.3.5.ME10"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.08.044","article-title":"Trends in the presentation of celiac disease","volume":"119","author":"Rampertab","year":"2006","journal-title":"The American Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref33","first-page":"38","article-title":"Serologic testing in celiac disease: Practical guide for clinicians","volume":"62","author":"Rashid","year":"2016","journal-title":"Canadian Family Physician Medecin de Famille Canadien"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-9-78","article-title":"Importance of duodenal bulb biopsies in children for diagnosis of celiac disease in clinical practice","volume":"9","author":"Rashid","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-012-0311-2","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical presentations of celiac disease","author":"Reilly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Seminars in Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.983_f.x","article-title":"Sensitivity of antiendomysium and antigliadin antibodies in untreated celiac disease: disappointing in clinical practice","volume":"94","author":"Rostami","year":"1999","journal-title":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5409\/wjcp.v10.i4.53","article-title":"Celiac disease in children: A review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Sahin","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Sahin, M.D. Cakir, M. Isakoca and D.A. Sahin, Prevalence of celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the South of turkey, Iranian Journal of Pediatrics 30 (2020).","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.97306"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"I. Shahramian, A. Bazi, N. Shafie-Sabet, A. Sargazi, O.S. Aval, M. Delaramnasab, M. Behzadi and Z. Zaer-Sabet, A survey of fecal calprotectin in children with newly diagnosed celiac disease with villous atrophy, Shiraz E Medical Journal 20 (2019).","DOI":"10.5812\/semj.84514"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.06.037","article-title":"Global prevalence of celiac disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref41","first-page":"117","article-title":"Clinical utility of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies for diagnosis and monitoring of coeliac disease in children and adolescents","volume":"15","author":"Szaflarska-Poplawska","year":"2004","journal-title":"EJIFCC"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-010-0465-9","article-title":"Celiac disease: how complicated can it get","volume":"62","author":"Tjon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27620","article-title":"HLA-DQ2 and-DQ8 signatures of gluten T cell epitopes in celiac disease","volume":"116","author":"Tollefsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(99)70410-5","article-title":"IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase: an effective diagnostic test for celiac disease","volume":"134","author":"Troncone","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200303000-00007","article-title":"Prevalence of antitissue transglutaminase antibodies in different degrees of intestinal damage in celiac disease","volume":"36","author":"Tursi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.3233\/HAB-211516_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000688","article-title":"Celiac disease can be predicted by high levels of anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in population-based screening","volume":"60","author":"Webb","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"}],"container-title":["Human Antibodies"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/HAB-211516","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:22:39Z","timestamp":1777447359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/HAB-211516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/hab-211516","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-869X","1093-2607"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-869X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1093-2607","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]}}}