{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:34:51Z","timestamp":1777660491783,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HAB"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND: The rates of pregnancy losses (PLs) are increased by maternal risk factors such as autoimmune disorders (AD) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate singleton PLs before gestational week (gw) 22 among patients with AD and MTHFR polymorphisms. METHODS: Totally, 1108 singleton pregnancies in 243 women were categorized as: 1) 148 pregnancies in 33 patients with AD, 2) 316 pregnancies in 66 patients with MTHFR polymorphisms, 3) 644 pregnancies in 144 patients with AD +MTHFR polymorphisms. PLs were classified into subgroups: a) Chemical Pregnancy(CP), b) Blighted Ovum(BO), c) gw \u2a7d 10, d) gw11\u201314 e) gw15\u201322, f) Ectopic Pregnancy(EP), g) Trophoblastic Disease(TD). Obstetric histories were compared using Beksac Obstetrics Index (BOI): [number of living child + (\u03c0\/10)]\/gravida. RESULTS: PL rates before gw22 were 39.2% (58\/148), 33.2% (105\/316), and 36.3% (234\/644) in AD, MTHFR, and AD +MTHFR groups, respectively (p= 0.421). The rate of Pre-Prenatal Screening Period fetal losses (CP + BO + gw \u2a7d 10 fetal losses + EP + TD) were 84.8%, 75.9%, and 77.8% in AD, MTHFR, and AD +MTHFR, respectively (p= 0.264). Gravidity \u2a7d 4 versus those with gravidity \u2a7e 5 had statistically significant differences in BOI (p&lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: PL rate before gw22 among singleton pregnancies with AD and\/or MTHFR polymorphisms was 35.8%. 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