{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:30:19Z","timestamp":1777393819002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]],"date-time":"2015-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n US studies suggest that leptin, a fat-derived hormone, may be protective against the development of dementia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n To investigate the complex relationship between leptin levels and cognitive decline in elderly Italians.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We studied circulating fasting leptin levels in 809 elderly adults free from dementia who participated in the prospective Italian population-based InCHIANTI study between 1998 and 2009 (mean follow-up of 8.0 years). Global cognitive decline was defined as a reduction of \u22655 points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Trail-Making Tests A and B were also incorporated, with cognitive decline defined as discontinued testing or the worst 10% of change from baseline. We also investigated whether any association could be explained by midlife weight and whether cognitive decline was associated with changing leptin levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The multivariate adjusted relative risk ([RR]; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of cognitive decline on the MMSE was 0.84 (95% CI 0.73\u20130.97) in relation to baseline sex-standardized log-leptin levels. High leptin levels showed a non-significant trend toward a reduced risk of decline on the Trail-Making Tests A (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.71\u20131.02) and B (RR = 0.90, 0.79\u20131.02). Adjusting for midlife weight or change in weight did not alter the pattern of results, and cognitive decline was not associated with changing leptin levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n High leptin levels were independently associated with a reduced risk of cognitive decline in elderly Italians.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-141836","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T13:53:09Z","timestamp":1528120389000},"page":"1231-1239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Serum Leptin and Risk of Cognitive Decline in Elderly Italians"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Littlejohns","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Kos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cherubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy (A.C.)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iain A.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Division of General Medicine, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"The Institute for Social Research and the Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Melzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Llewellyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-141836","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-141836","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:01:43Z","timestamp":1777370503000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JAD-141836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JAD-141836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-141836","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,19]]}}}