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At a single dementia clinic, we evaluated the ability of a linear support vector machine trained with completely unrelated data to differentiate between Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Lewy body dementia, and healthy aging based on 3D-T1 weighted MRI data sets. Furthermore, we predicted progression to AD in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and automatically quantified white matter hyperintensities from FLAIR-images. Separating additionally recruited healthy elderly from those with dementia was accurate with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (according to\n                    <jats:xref ref-type=\"fig\">Fig.\u00a04<\/jats:xref>\n                    ). Multi-class separation of patients with either AD or FTD from other included groups was good on the training set (AUC &gt; \u200a0.9) but substantially less accurate (AUC\u200a=\u200a0.76 for AD, AUC\u200a=\u200a0.78 for FTD) on 134 cases from the local clinic. Longitudinal data from 28 cases with MCI at baseline and appropriate follow-up data were available. The computer tool discriminated progressive from stable MCI with AUC\u200a=\u200a0.73, compared to AUC\u200a=\u200a0.80 for the training set. A relatively low accuracy by clinicians (AUC\u200a=\u200a0.81) illustrates the difficulties of predicting conversion in this heterogeneous cohort. This first application of a MRI-based pattern recognition method to a routine sample demonstrates feasibility, but also illustrates that automated multi-class differential diagnoses have to be the focus of future methodological developments and application studies\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-150334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T09:29:17Z","timestamp":1439458157000},"page":"939-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Applying Automated MR-Based Diagnostic Methods to the Memory Clinic: A Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kl\u00f6ppel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Gerontopsychiatry and Neuropsychology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ludl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Pilatus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Mader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Heimbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Frings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology Freiburg, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Egger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juergen","family":"Dukart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"F. Hoffmann-La Roche, pRED, Pharma Research and Early Development, DTA Neuroscience, Basel, Switzerland"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences &amp; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, and German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias L.","family":"Schroeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences &amp; Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, and German Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Perneczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine London, United Kingdom"},{"name":"Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Services, Lakeside 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