{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:41:30Z","timestamp":1777394490569,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489795200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Country differences in resource use and costs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) may be driven by differences in health care systems and resource availability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Objective: To compare country resource utilization drivers of societal costs for AD dementia over 18 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: GERAS is an observational study in France ( n\u200a=\u200a419), Germany ( n\u200a=\u200a550), and the UK ( n\u200a=\u200a526). Resource use of AD patients and caregivers contributing to &gt;1% of total societal costs (year 2010) was assessed for country differences, adjusting for participant characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Mean 18-month societal costs per patient were France \u20ac33,339, Germany \u20ac38,197, and UK \u20ac37,899 (\u00a332,501). Caregiver time spent on basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) contributed the most to societal costs (54% France, 64% Germany, 65% UK). Caregivers in France spent less time on ADL than UK caregivers and missed fewer work days than in other countries. Compared with other countries, patients in France used more community care services overall and were more likely to use home aid. Patients in Germany were least likely to use temporary accommodation or to be institutionalized at 18 months. UK caregivers spent the most time on instrumental ADL, UK patients used fewest outpatient resources, and UK patients\/caregivers were most likely to receive financial support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusion: Caregiver time on ADL contributed the most to societal costs and differed across countries, possibly due to use of community care services and institutionalization. Other resources had different patterns of use across countries, reflecting country-specific health and social care systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-160449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,17]],"date-time":"2017-03-17T10:45:34Z","timestamp":1489747534000},"page":"797-812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["What Drives Country Differences in Cost of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease? An Explanation from Resource Use in the GERAS Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Catherine","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Happich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Argimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3 d\u2019avaluaci\u00f3, Servei Catal\u00e0 de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josep Maria","family":"Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parc Santari Sant Joan de D\u00e9u, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Wimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KI Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University\/Region of Gavleborg, G\u00e4vle, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica della Memoria, Department of Neurology & Psychiatry, University of Rome \u201cSapienza\u201d, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Dodel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roy W.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RICE (The Research Institute for the Care of Older People), >The RICE Centre, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Vellas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gerontopole, Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research and Clinical Care, INSERM 1027, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Belger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eli Lilly and Company Limited, Lilly Research Centre, Windlesham, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200927050-00004"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0311-7"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0312-6"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720510791162430"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01461.x"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2011.01741.x"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2012.02.003"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-122392"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2011.04.005"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-014-0642-0"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610214002063"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4198"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.141.11.1356"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617705050502"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5_Suppl_6.10S"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/20.6.649"},{"key":"ref019","first-page":"465","volume-title":"The Health Economics of Dementia","author":"Wimo A","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2006.03.001"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-010-0316-2"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.06.008"},{"key":"ref023","unstructured":"The Health Foundation (2011) Spotlight on Dementia Care: A\u00a0Health Foundation Improvement Report. 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