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Despite significant reservations, such as recall bias or concluding causality for TBI, a summary of recent research points to several conclusions on the TBI-dementia relationship. 1) Increasing severity of a single moderate-to-severe TBI increases the risk of subsequent Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. 2) Repetitive, often subconcussive, mild TBIs increases the risk for chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a degenerative neuropathology. 3) TBI may be a risk factor for other neurodegenerative disorders that can be associated with dementia. 4) TBI appears to lower the age of onset of TBI-related neurocognitive syndromes, potentially adding \u201cTBI cognitive-behavioral features\u201d. The literature further indicates several specific risk factors for TBI-associated dementia: 5) any blast or blunt physical force to the head as long as there is violent head displacement; 6) decreased cognitive and\/or neuronal reserve and the related variable of older age at TBI; and 7) the presence of apolipoprotein E \u025b4 alleles, a genetic risk factor for AD. Finally, there are neuropathological features relating TBI with neurocognitive syndromes: 8) acute TBI results in amyloid pathology and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies; 9) CTE shares features with neurodegenerative dementias; and 10) TBI results in white matter tract and neural network disruptions. Although further research is needed, these ten findings suggest that dose-dependent effects of violent head displacement in vulnerable brains predispose to dementia; among several potential mechanisms is the propagation of abnormal proteins along damaged white matter networks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-161002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,6]],"date-time":"2017-03-06T07:17:25Z","timestamp":1488784645000},"page":"667-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["What is the Relationship of Traumatic Brain Injury to Dementia?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Mario F.","family":"Mendez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurobehavior Unit, V.A. 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