{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1792234042198,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several environmental factors, including infectious agents, have been suggested to cause Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with AD in several recent studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate whether carriage of CMV, alone or in combination with Herpes simplex virus (HSV), increased the risk of developing AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma samples from 360 AD cases (75.3% women, mean age 61.2 years), taken an average of 9.6 years before AD diagnosis, and 360 age-, sex-, cohort-, and sampling date matched dementia-free controls were analyzed to detect anti-CMV (immunoglobulin [Ig] G and IgM), group-specific anti-HSV (IgG and IgM), and specific anti-HSV1 and HSV2 IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AD cases and dementia-free controls were compared using conditional logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The presence of anti-CMV IgG antibodies did not increase the risk of AD (odds ratio [OR], 0.857; p\u200a=\u200a0.497). Among AD cases, an association between CMV and HSV1 carriage was detected (OR 7.145, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001); in a conditional logistic regression model, the interaction between CMV and HSV1 was associated with AD development (OR 5.662; p\u200a=\u200a0.007).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present findings do not support a direct relationship between CMV infection and the development of AD; however, an interaction between CMV and HSV1 was found to be associated significantly with AD development. These findings suggest that CMV infection facilitates the development of HSV1-associated AD, possibly via its effects on the immune system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-161305","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,14]],"date-time":"2017-12-14T07:27:33Z","timestamp":1513236453000},"page":"939-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["Interaction between Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Development"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"L\u00f6vheim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Olsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bodil","family":"Weidung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Geriatric Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Odontology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sture","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Hallmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Elgh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Ume\u00e5 University, Ume\u00e5, 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