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Owing to the limited access of human brain tissues and the immense complexity of the brain, animal models, specifically mouse models, play a key role in advancing the NDD field. However, many of these mouse models fail to reproduce the clinical manifestations and end points of the disease. NDD drugs, which passed the efficacy test in mice, were repeatedly not successful in clinical trials. There are numerous studies which are supporting and opposing the applicability of mouse models in neuroinflammation and NDD. In this paper, we assessed to what extend a mouse can mimic the cellular and molecular interactions in humans at a mechanism level. Based on our mechanistic modeling approach, we investigate the failure of a neuroinflammation targeted drug in the late phases of clinical trials based on the comparative analyses between the two species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,18]],"date-time":"2017-07-18T10:54:07Z","timestamp":1500375247000},"page":"1045-1055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Of Mice and Men: Comparative Analysis of Neuro-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Human and Mouse Using Cause-and-Effect Models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alpha Tom","family":"Kodamullil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anandhi","family":"Iyappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reagon","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Madan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erfan","family":"Younesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hofmann-Apitius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing, Sankt Augustin, Germany"},{"name":"Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03225.x"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)70016-5"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3880"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0032-5"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3705"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-25"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0291-y"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1222878110"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000245"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401965111"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1414857111"},{"key":"ref012","unstructured":"TreutingPM, DintzisSM (2011) Comparative Anatomy and Histology: A Mouse and Human Atlas (Expert Consult). 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