{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T18:32:14Z","timestamp":1788892334761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic inflammation is known as a risk factor of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of propolis on cognitive decline and systemic inflammation in elderly people living at high altitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty participants (average 72.8 years) living at altitude (2,260 meters) were randomized to receive propolis (0.83\u200ag, n\u200a=\u200a30) or placebo ( n\u200a=\u200a30) for 24 months. Cognitive outcomes were assessed using MMSE and serum cytokine levels were measured for 24 months in a double-blind study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MMSE scores were 26.17 at baseline and 23.87 at 24 months in placebo group. Compared to placebo group, improvements of MMSE scores were significant in propolis-treated subjects ( p\u200a=\u200a0.007) with a response emerging over time (time points\u00d7group interaction, p\u200a=\u200a0.016). In addition, the serum IL-1 \u03b2 and IL-6 levels were significantly different across treatments ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001) showing upward and downward trends in placebo- and propolis-treated subjects, respectively ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001). Serum levels of TNF- \u03b1 were not significantly different across treatment ( p\u200a=\u200a0.0528) but with a response emerging over time (time points\u00d7group interaction, p\u200a=\u200a0.016). In contrast, serum levels of TGF \u03b21 were significantly different across treatments ( p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.0001) showing downward and upward trends in placebo- and propolis-treated subjects, respectively. Serum levels of IL-10 were significant for the effect of groups ( p\u200a=\u200a0.0411). Furthermore, MMSE scores correlated with the decrease in IL-1 \u03b2 and the increase in TGF \u03b21 in serum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elderly people living at high altitude developed to MCI in 24 months with exacerbation of systemic inflammation. Ingestion of propolis (&gt;12 months) protected against cognitive decline after systemic inflammation was reduced.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,6]],"date-time":"2018-04-06T11:20:00Z","timestamp":1523013600000},"page":"551-560","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Brazilian Green Propolis Prevents Cognitive Decline into Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People Living at High Altitude"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Aiqin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Geriatric Qinghai Provincial Hospital, Xining, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 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