{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:27:18Z","timestamp":1781108838295,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jad-170635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,14]],"date-time":"2017-11-14T11:22:31Z","timestamp":1510658551000},"page":"283-293","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gradual Cerebral Hypoperfusion Impairs Fear Conditioning and Object Recognition Learning and Memory in Mice: Potential Roles of Neurodegeneration and Cholinergic Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Jogender","family":"Mehla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Lacoursiere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Stuart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid H.","family":"Mohajerani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0346-5","article-title":"Vascular cognitive disorder. A biological and clinical overview","volume":"35","author":"Battistin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70169-8","article-title":"World Federation of Neurology Dementia Research Group. Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia in developing countries: Prevalence, management, and risk factors","volume":"7","author":"Kalaria","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000118895","article-title":"Vascular dementia in the Lunby study: 1. A prospective, epidemiological study of incidence and risk from 1957-1972","volume":"26","author":"Hagnell","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm021","article-title":"Modern concept of vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"83","author":"Bowler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2011.00731.x","article-title":"Dementia, stroke, and vascular risk factors; a review","volume":"7","author":"Sahathevan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.01.003","article-title":"Permanent, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat: A model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"54","author":"Farkas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.56.8.929","article-title":"Dementia with leukoaraiosis and dural arteriovenous malformation: Clinical and PET case study","volume":"56","author":"Nencini","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150070108","article-title":"Cognitive disorders in patients with occlusive disease of the carotid artery: A systematic review of the literature","volume":"247","author":"Bakker","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000050765","article-title":"The role of carotid stenosis in vascular cognitive impairment","volume":"46","author":"Rao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00136-6","article-title":"Risk factors for cerebral hypoperfusion, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia","volume":"21","author":"Meyer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2270","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000181075.77897.0e","article-title":"Chronic mild reduction of cerebral perfusion pressure induces ischemic tolerance in focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"36","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.12.005","article-title":"Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion causes delayed white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in adult mice","volume":"210","author":"Yoshizaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21925","article-title":"Intensity of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion determines white\/gray matter injury and cognitive\/motor dysfunction in mice","volume":"87","author":"Miki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3970-14.2015","article-title":"A novel mouse model of subcortical infarcts with dementia","volume":"35","author":"Hattori","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.03.001","article-title":"Revisiting the cholinergic hypothesis in the development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2015.08.002","article-title":"A modified bilateral carotid artery stenosis procedure to develop a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model with an increased survival rate","volume":"255","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E183","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1101914108","article-title":"Targeted mini-strokes produce changesin interhemispheric sensory signal processing that are indicative of disinhibition within minutes","volume":"108","author":"Mohajerani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000122745.72175.D5","article-title":"Laser speckle flowmetry for the study of cerebrovascular physiology in normal and ischemic mouse cortex","volume":"24","author":"Ayata","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-0320-7_19","article-title":"Laser speckle contrast imaging to measure changes in cerebral blood flow","volume":"1135","author":"Winship","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostany R , Portera-Cailliau C (2008) A craniotomy surgery procedure for chronic brain imaging. J Vis Exp 12, pii: 680.","DOI":"10.3791\/680"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyweriga M , Sun J , Wang S , Kline R , Mohajerani MH (2017) A large lateral craniotomy procedure for mesoscale wide-field optical imaging of brain activity. J Vis Exp 123. doi: 10.3791\/52642","DOI":"10.3791\/52642"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0831s69","article-title":"Examining object location and object recognition memory in mice","volume":"69","author":"Vogel-Ciernia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","article-title":"The novel object recognition memory: Neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications","volume":"13","author":"Antunes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.89705","article-title":"Trace fear conditioning is enhanced in mice lacking the delta subunit of the GABAA receptor","volume":"12","author":"Wiltgen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref25","first-page":"2376","article-title":"Assessment of motor balance and coordination in mice using the balance beam","volume":"49","author":"Luong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)02513-0","article-title":"Fluoro-Jade B: A high affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration","volume":"874","author":"Schmued","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.05.050","article-title":"Fluoro-Jade B staining as useful tool to identify activated microglia and astrocytes in a mouse transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1128","author":"Damjanac","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03769.x","article-title":"Choline acetyltransferase activity at different ages in brain of Ts65Dn mice, an animal model for Down\u2019s syndrome and related neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"97","author":"Contestabile","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2015.8","article-title":"A mouse model of small-vessel disease that produces brain-wide-identified microocclusions and regionally selective neuronal injury","volume":"35","author":"Silasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1860-12.2012","article-title":"Cognitive deficits and delayed neuronal loss in a mouse model of multiple microinfarcts","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.2.274","article-title":"Differential contribution of amygdala and hippocampus to cued and contextual fear conditioning","volume":"106","author":"Phillips","year":"1992","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101120","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101120","article-title":"Long-term vision and non-vision dominant behavioral deficits in the 2-VO rats are accompanied by time and regional glial activation in the white matter","volume":"9","author":"Tian","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hattori Y , Enmi J , Iguchi S , Saito S , Yamamoto Y , Tsuji M , Nagatsuka K , Kalaria RN , Iida H , Ihara M (2016) Gradual carotid artery stenosis in mice closely replicates hypoperfusive vascular dementia in humans. J Am Heart Assoc 5, pii: e002757.","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002757"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-016-0271-6","article-title":"Neurokinin-1 receptor inhibition reverses ischaemic brain injury and dementia in bilateral common carotid artery occluded rats: Possible mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Kaur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00001","article-title":"Amidated and ibuprofen-conjugated kyotorphins promote neuronal rescue and memory recovery in cerebral hypoperfusion dementia model","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1 Santos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-015-0289-0","article-title":"Repeated estradiol treatment attenuates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-induced neurodegeneration in rat hippocampus","volume":"36","author":"Stanojlovi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2006.09.002","article-title":"The role of acetylcholine in learning and memory","volume":"16","author":"Hasselmo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06179.x","article-title":"Emergence of spatial impairment in rats following specific cholinergic depletion of the medial septum combined with chronic stress","volume":"27","author":"Craig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.037","article-title":"Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spatial learning and memory, oxidative stress, and central cholinergic system in a rat model of vascular dementia","volume":"587","author":"Zhao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.07.013","article-title":"Ginkgo biloba L. extract protects against chronic cerebral hypoperfusion by modulating neuroinflammation and the cholinergic system","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2015.3512","article-title":"Fructus mume ethanol extract prevents inflammation and normalizes the septohippocampal cholinergic system in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Food"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(09)00403-6","article-title":"Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"84","author":"de la Torre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-170635_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000014421.15948.67","article-title":"Alzheimer disease as a vascular disorder: Nosological evidence","volume":"33","author":"de la Torre","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-170635","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:05:16Z","timestamp":1777370716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-170635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-170635","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/177121","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,28]]}}}