{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T23:08:36Z","timestamp":1790291316712,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556582400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background\/Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neurodegenerative disorders impact fitness to drive of older drivers, but on-road driving studies investigating patients with different neurodegenerative disorders are scarce. A variety of driving errors have been reported in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), but it is unclear which types of driving errors occur most frequently. Moreover, patients with other neurodegenerative disorders than AD typically present with different symptoms and impairments, therefore different driving errors may be expected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with AD ( n\u200a=\u200a80), patients with other neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive decline (i.e., vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies\/Parkinson\u2019s disease, n\u200a=\u200a59), and healthy older drivers ( n\u200a=\u200a45) participated in a fitness-to-drive assessment study including on-road driving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with AD performed significantly worse than healthy older drivers on operational, tactical, visual, and global aspects of on-road driving. In patients with AD, on-road measures were significantly associated with \u2018off-road\u2019 measures. Patients with neurodegenerative disorders other than AD showed large overlap in the types of driving errors. Several driving errors were identified that appear to be characteristic for patients with particular neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients from each group of neurodegenerative disorders commonly display tactical driving errors regarding lane positioning, slow driving, observation of the blind spot, and scanning behavior. Several other tactical and operational driving errors, including not communicating with cyclists and unsteady steering, were more frequently observed in patients with non-AD neurodegenerative disorders. These findings have implications for on-road and \u2018off-road\u2019 fitness-to-drive assessments for patients with neurodegenerative disorders with cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-181095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,30]],"date-time":"2019-04-30T12:26:54Z","timestamp":1556627214000},"page":"1019-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Driving Difficulties Among Patients with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Anselm B.M.","family":"Fuermaier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafne","family":"Piersma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick","family":"de Waard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ragnhild J.","family":"Davidse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolieke","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.A.","family":"Doumen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"},{"name":"SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, The Hague, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud A.","family":"Bredewoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBR Dutch driving license authority, Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Claesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBR Dutch driving license authority, Rijswijk, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afina W.","family":"Lemstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Scheltens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemiek","family":"Vermeeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf","family":"Ponds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neurosciences (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frans","family":"Verhey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and 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