{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:22:58Z","timestamp":1780485778522,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Vascular dementia (VaD) is caused by chronic decreases in brain blood flow and accounts for 15\u201320% of dementia cases worldwide. In contrast to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), no effective drug treatments are currently available for VaD. Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the brain play important roles in the pathogenesis of VaD. Honokiol (HKL) is a well-known bioactive and nutraceutical compound that can act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule. HKL can protect against memory impairments in AD mouse models. In this study, we explored whether the application of HKL was also protective against the insult of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) in rats. We found that HKL supplementation prevented the memory impairments in the inhibitory avoidance step-down and Morris water maze tasks in CCH rats. HKL also suppressed the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in CCH rats. Moreover, HKL prevented dendritic spines abnormalities in CCH rats. We also found that HKL inhibited the activity of GSK-3 \u03b2, which may be critical for the neuroprotective activity of HKL. Thus, our study demonstrated the protective role of HKL in VaD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190324","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]],"date-time":"2019-07-16T11:31:01Z","timestamp":1563276661000},"page":"97-108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Honokiol Attenuates the Memory Impairments, Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and GSK-3\n                    <i>\u03b2<\/i>\n                    Activation in Vascular Dementia Rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Si","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Ya","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Shi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Henan Provincial People\u2019s Hospital, People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0813-9"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00376"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22484"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.600825"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.173534"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.03.010"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e3181d89670"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2018.12.012"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12773"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2017.08.001"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00130"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180126"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.09.107"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000143725.19053.60"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.004"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.06.050"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132813Y.0000000293"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12902"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.07.023"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0000000000000276"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.12.008"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.147181"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.5.668"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08577"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131661"},{"key":"ref027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2019.03.002"},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3590001"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-009-0330-z"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4740"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.118.248674"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.13053"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atg.2015.05.004"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2012.686543"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23777"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2004.00286.x"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-7-74"},{"key":"ref038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9915-1"},{"key":"ref039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-15"},{"key":"ref040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02070.x"},{"key":"ref041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00013"},{"key":"ref042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2016.04.014"},{"key":"ref043","first-page":"1278","volume":"16","author":"Wu F","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00018"},{"key":"ref045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3628"},{"key":"ref046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.10.055"},{"key":"ref047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.01.037"},{"key":"ref048","first-page":"001","volume":"1","author":"Maixner DW","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol (Los Angel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-190324","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JAD-190324","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-190324","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:29Z","timestamp":1777370789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JAD-190324"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ling-Qiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JAD-190324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-190324","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,16]]}}}