{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:51:51Z","timestamp":1790851911789,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,29]],"date-time":"2019-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564358400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is an established risk factor for stroke and vascular dementia but recent meta-analyses examining the association between Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and hypertension have found no significant association. These meta-analyses included short term studies starting in late life which may have obscured the real effect of midlife hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association of AD with midlife hypertension, by including only studies with a sufficiently long follow up duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Relevant studies were found by searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed. Study outcomes were grouped by measures of blood pressure and definition of hypertension (e.g., systolic hypertension\u200a&gt;\u200a140 mmHg or\u200a&gt;\u200a160 mmHg). We assessed pooled effect estimates using random effects models and heterogeneity of pooled estimates through the I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      statistic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Literature search found 3,426 publications of which 7 were eligible studies. There was a significant association between systolic hypertension (&gt;160\u200amm Hg) and AD (HR 1.25, 95CI 1.06 \u2013 1.47, p\u200a=\u200a0.0065). Similarly, for systolic hypertension\u200a&gt;\u200a140\u200amm Hg, there was a smaller but still significant association (HR 1.18, 95CI 1.02 \u2013 1.35, p\u200a=\u200a0.021). For diastolic hypertension, all four studies found no significant associations between diastolic hypertension and AD, and these data could not be pooled due to heterogeneity in reporting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study found that midlife stage 1 and stage 2 systolic hypertension is associated with increased risk of AD by 18 and 25%, respectively, although no association was found for diastolic hypertension. It is likely that assertive control of systolic hypertension starting in midlife is important to preventing AD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190474","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,30]],"date-time":"2019-07-30T11:29:51Z","timestamp":1564486191000},"page":"307-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Midlife Hypertension and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"Lennon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain Aging, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve R.","family":"Makkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, 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