{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:23:05Z","timestamp":1791897785197,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T14:32:09Z","timestamp":1567780329000},"page":"1245-1261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Differential Effects of Physical Exercise, Cognitive Training, and Mindfulness Practice on Serum BDNF Levels in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Intervention Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Ledreux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krister","family":"H\u00e5kansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mhretab","family":"Kidane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Media Technology, Linnaeus University, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Columbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Terjestam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Tusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Winblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirk","family":"Daffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Charlotte","family":"Granholm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Kadir H.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2016.109","article-title":"Sustainability of long-term care: Puzzling tasks ahead for policy-makers","volume":"6","author":"Mosca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref2","unstructured":"He W , Goodkind D , Kowal P (2016) An Aging World: 2015, International Population Reports. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. http:\/\/www.census.gov\/library\/publications\/2016\/demo\/P95-16-1.html"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2013.07.002","article-title":"Normal cognitive aging","volume":"29","author":"Harada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.07.024","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for disease","volume":"22","author":"Niccoli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.4065\/mcp.2011.0252","article-title":"Physical exercise as a preventive or disease-modifying treatment of dementia and brain aging","volume":"86","author":"Ahlskog","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622317712442","article-title":"Strategies for dementia prevention: Latest evidence and implications","volume":"8","author":"Rakesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12178","article-title":"Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia","volume":"275","author":"Solomon","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980-57642009DN30300005","article-title":"Physical activity and cognition in the elderly: A review","volume":"3","author":"Busse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref10","first-page":"661","article-title":"Physical activity and cognitive function in individuals over 60 years of age: A systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Carvalho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000460","article-title":"Exercise for cognitive brain health in aging: A systematic review for an evaluation of dose","volume":"8","author":"Gomes-Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref12","first-page":"51","article-title":"Physical exercise and cognitive performance in the elderly: Current perspectives","volume":"9","author":"Kirk-Sanchez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1708","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1708","article-title":"Multisensory exercise programme improves cognition and functionality in institutionalized older adults: A randomized control trial","volume":"23","author":"Moreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gby010"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.02.006","article-title":"Improvement of cognitive functions in response to a regular Nordic walking training in elderly women - A change dependent on the training experience","volume":"104","author":"Gmiat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.019","article-title":"A review of physical and cognitive interventions in aging","volume":"44","author":"Bamidis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1080\/13607863.2016.1247423","article-title":"Can mindfulness-based interventions influence cognitive functioning in older adults? A review and considerations for future research","volume":"21","author":"Berk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging Ment Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20954","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906053106","article-title":"Subregional neuroanatomical change as a biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"106","author":"Holland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015950108","article-title":"Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory","volume":"108","author":"Erickson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.11.018","article-title":"Acquiring \u201cthe Knowledge\u201d of London\u2019s layout drives structural brain changes","volume":"21","author":"Woollett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.08.006","article-title":"Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density","volume":"191","author":"Holzel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(02)02143-4","article-title":"Exercise: A behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity","volume":"25","author":"Cotman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1308-8","article-title":"Physical exercise induces structural alterations in the hippocampal astrocytes: Exploring the role of BDNF-TrkB signaling","volume":"222","author":"Fahimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref24","first-page":"29","article-title":"Angiogenesis: Role of exercise training and aging","volume":"2","author":"Korivi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adapt Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.2174\/156720501108140910122849","article-title":"Physical exercise in MCI elderly promotes reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improvements on cognition and BDNF peripheral levels","volume":"11","author":"Nascimento","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref26","first-page":"130","article-title":"Exercise, inflammation and aging","volume":"3","author":"Woods","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-018-9686-z","article-title":"Influence of exercise on oxidative stress in patients with heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Sties","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Fail Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00164.2004","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise","volume":"98","author":"Petersen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160665","article-title":"How does exercise reduce the rate of age-associated cognitive decline? A review of potential mechanisms","volume":"55","author":"Kennedy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.00584","article-title":"Exercise-dependent BDNF as a modulatory factor for the executive processing of individuals in course of cognitive decline. A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"de Assis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7415","article-title":"Long-term environmental enrichment leads to regional increases in neurotrophin levels in rat brain","volume":"164","author":"Ickes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(96)00273-9","article-title":"Physical activity increases mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor in rat brain","volume":"726","author":"Neeper","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8680","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1731-05.2005","article-title":"Exercise enhances learning and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice","volume":"25","author":"van Praag","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08977190410001723308","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"22","author":"Binder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Growth Factors"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.003","article-title":"BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: The synaptic consolidation hypothesis","volume":"76","author":"Bramham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00052","article-title":"Exercise-mediated neurogenesis in the hippocampus via BDNF","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.05059.x","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is required for the enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis following environmental enrichment","volume":"24","author":"Rossi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.06.045","article-title":"Exercise-induced improvement in cognitive performance after traumatic brain injury in rats is dependent on BDNF activation","volume":"1288","author":"Griesbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01592-9","article-title":"Deprivation of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor results in impairment of spatial learning and memory in adult rats","volume":"835","author":"Mu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3200","article-title":"The ageing cortical synapse: Hallmarks and implications for cognitive decline","volume":"13","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-6-63","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Synapses gone cold","volume":"6","author":"Koffie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a005777","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005777","article-title":"Synapses and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"4","author":"Sheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002387","article-title":"Higher brain BDNF gene expression is associated with slower cognitive decline in older adults","volume":"86","author":"Buchman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3505","article-title":"BDNF-based synaptic repair as a disease-modifying strategy for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3366","article-title":"Potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in neurological and psychiatric disorders","volume":"10","author":"Nagahara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.05.044","article-title":"BDNF: No gain without pain?","volume":"283","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145710000738","article-title":"Blood BDNF concentrations reflect brain-tissue BDNF levels across species","volume":"14","author":"Klein","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2009.048512","article-title":"Evidence for a release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from the brain during exercise","volume":"94","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163037","article-title":"The effect of exercise training on resting concentrations of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Dinoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2012.06.003","article-title":"Physical exercise modulates peripheral levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF): A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly","volume":"56","author":"Coelho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.11.003","article-title":"Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings","volume":"31","author":"Chiesa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.03.014","article-title":"Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: Evidence of brief mental training","volume":"19","author":"Zeidan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2016.01.005","article-title":"Mindfulness meditation practice and executive functioning: Breaking down the benefit","volume":"40","author":"Gallant","year":"2016","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63327-9.00017-5","article-title":"Novelty interventions to enhance broad cognitive abilities and prevent dementia: Synergistic approaches for the facilitation of positive plastic change","volume":"207","author":"Fissler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00130","article-title":"A pilot study on the effect of cognitive training on BDNF serum levels in individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Angelucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.02.017","article-title":"Is serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor a biomarker for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia?","volume":"66","author":"Vinogradov","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160593","article-title":"BDNF responses in healthy older persons to 35 minutes of physical exercise, cognitive training, and mindfulness: Associations with working memory function","volume":"55","author":"Hakansson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(98)00141-5","article-title":"Transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor across the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Pan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref59","first-page":"189","article-title":"\u201cMini-mental State. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Foldstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/13854049208404117","article-title":"A screening procedure for estimating premorbid intelligence in the elderly","volume":"6","author":"Ryan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00677.x","article-title":"The Swedish National Adult Reading Test (AMNART-SWE): A test of premorbid IQ","volume":"49","author":"Rolstad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref62","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(82)90033-4","article-title":"Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report","volume":"17","author":"Yesavage","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb03647.x","article-title":"A prospective evaluation of the Geriatric Depression Scale in an outpatient geriatric assessment center","volume":"40","author":"Burke","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-48","article-title":"Experimental designs for small randomised clinical trials: An algorithm for choice","volume":"8","author":"Cornu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.06.1226","article-title":"The feasibility of a home-based, subject-controlled, interactive physical exercise program to promote cognitive health in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Daffner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2340\/1650197719702239298","article-title":"Perceived exertion as an indicator of somatic stress","volume":"2","author":"Borg","year":"1970","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1080\/21622965.2013.875314","article-title":"Cogmed WM training: Reviewing the reviews","volume":"3","author":"Shinaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Child"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180455","article-title":"Is computerized working memory training effective in healthy older adults? Evidence from a multi-Site, randomized controlled trial","volume":"65","author":"Simon","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6.220","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.88.16_supplement.P6.220","article-title":"The impact of computer-based mindfulness training on attention to novelty in healthy older adults","volume":"88","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/14639947.2011.564844","article-title":"Some reflections on the origins of MBSR, skillfull means, and the trouble with maps","volume":"12","author":"Kabat-Zinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Contemp Buddhism"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/0022-4537.00148","article-title":"The construct of mindfulness","volume":"56","author":"Langer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Soc Issues"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.09.005","article-title":"Fast BDNF serum level increase and diurnal BDNF oscillations are associated with therapeutic response after partial sleep deprivation","volume":"59","author":"Giese","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17989","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17989","article-title":"A method for reproducible measurements of serum BDNF: Comparison of the performance of six commercial assays","volume":"5","author":"Polacchini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13108","article-title":"Development of mature BDNF-specific sandwich ELISA","volume":"134","author":"Lim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.2165\/11534530-000000000-00000","article-title":"Neuroplasticity \u2013 Exercise-induced response of peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A systematic review of experimental studies in human subjects","volume":"40","author":"Knaepen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.08.018","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin like growth factor-1 and inflammatory cytokine responses to continuous and intermittent exercise in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"144","author":"Zebrowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.08.004","article-title":"Dose-and gender-specific effects of resistance training on circulating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"70","author":"Forti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naegelin Y , Dingsdale H , Sauberli K , Schadelin S , Kappos L , Barde YA (2018) Measuring and validating the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human serum. eNeuro 5, ENEURO.0419-17.2018.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0419-17.2018"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-009-0085-y","article-title":"Cognitive exercise and its role in cognitive function in older adults","volume":"12","author":"Gates","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9119-9","article-title":"Aging, training, and the brain: A review and future directions","volume":"19","author":"Lustig","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0529-x","article-title":"Effects of computerized cognitive training on neuroimaging outcomes in older adults: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Ten Brinke","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170447","article-title":"Novel blood-based biomarkers of cognition, stress, and physical or cognitive training in older adults at risk of dementia: Preliminary evidence for a role of BDNF, irisin, and the kynurenine pathway","volume":"59","author":"Kuster","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1533317517727068","article-title":"Mental training enhances cognitive function and BDNF more than either physical or combined training in elderly women with MCI: A small-scale study","volume":"33","author":"Darmichi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.10.003","article-title":"A meta-analytic review of the effects of exercise on brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"60","author":"Szuhany","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.002","article-title":"The impact of age, weight and gender on BDNF levels in human platelets and plasma","volume":"26","author":"Lommatzsch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.9734\/INDJ\/2015\/12118","article-title":"Pilot study and review: Physiological differences in BDNF, a potential biomarker in males and females with autistic disorder","volume":"3","author":"Spratt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Neuropsychiatr Dis J"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2015.07.072","article-title":"Effects of a single bout of maximal aerobic exercise on BDNF in bipolar disorder: A gender-based response","volume":"229","author":"Schuch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23863","article-title":"Sex differences in brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling and functions","volume":"95","author":"Chan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11110","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.24.11110","article-title":"Identification of a putative estrogen response element in the gene encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"92","author":"Sohrabji","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.08.006","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma variation during the different phases of the menstrual cycle in women with premenstrual syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Cubeddu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del479","article-title":"Influence of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"22","author":"Begliuomini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.10.013","article-title":"Relationship of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and health-related lifestyle in healthy human subjects","volume":"447","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.12.043","article-title":"Cardio-respiratory fitness, habitual physical activity and serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in men and women","volume":"451","author":"Currie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.03.057","article-title":"Decreased serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in trained men","volume":"437","author":"Nofuji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref97","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014) State Indicator Report on Physical Activity. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0195712","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195712","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire compared to calibrated accelerometer cut-off points in the quantification of sedentary behaviour and physical activity in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Ryan","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.11.007","article-title":"Weight loss, improved physical performance, cognitive function, eating behavior, and metabolic profile in a 12-week ketogenic diet in obese adults","volume":"62","author":"Mohorko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1000","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.8434.1","article-title":"Recent advances in understanding neurotrophin signaling","volume":"5","author":"Bothwell","year":"2016","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00019-4","article-title":"Effects of environmental enrichment on cognitive function and hippocampal NGF in the non-handled rats","volume":"103","author":"Pham","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trci.2017.03.001","article-title":"Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia","volume":"3","author":"Salinas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement (NY)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0072","article-title":"Hippocampal BDNF in physiological conditions and social isolation","volume":"28","author":"Zaletel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2174\/156720507781788855","article-title":"Cholinotrophic molecular substrates of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly","volume":"4","author":"Mufson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt372","article-title":"Nerve growth factor metabolic dysfunction in Down\u2019s syndrome brains","volume":"137","author":"Iulita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00284","article-title":"Increased hippocampal proBDNF contributes to memory impairments in aged mice","volume":"9","author":"Buhusi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00313","article-title":"Computer-based cognitive training in aging","volume":"8","author":"Klimova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref108","first-page":"657508","article-title":"A review of the effects of physical activity and exercise on cognitive and brain functions in older adults","volume":"2013","author":"Bherer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S165399","article-title":"Aging brain: The effect of combined cognitive andhysical training on cognition as compared to cognitive and physical training alone - a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Joubert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-190756_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01164","article-title":"The effects of physical exercise and cognitive training on memory and neurotrophic factors","volume":"29","author":"Heisz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-190756","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:47Z","timestamp":1777370807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-190756"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"references-count":109,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-190756","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]}}}