{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:07:24Z","timestamp":1777396044263,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conceptualizing cognitive aging as a step-sequential process is useful in identifying particular stages of cognitive function and impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied latent transition analysis (LTA) to determine 1) whether the underlying structure of cognitive profiles found at every measurement occasion are uniform across three waves of assessment, 2) whether class-instability is predictive of distal outcomes, and 3) whether class-reversions from impaired to non-impaired using latent modelling is lower than when using clinical criteria of mild cognitive impairment (MCI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mover-stayer LTA model with dementia as a distal outcome was specified to model transitions of ten neuropsychological measures over three annual waves in the Rush Memory and Aging Project ( n\u200a=\u200a1,661). The predictive validity of the mover-stayer status for incident Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) was then assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified a five-class model across the three time-points: Mixed-Domain Impairment, Memory-Specific Impairment, Frontal Impairment, Average, and Superior Cognition. None of the individuals in the Impairment classes reverted to the Average or Superior classes. Conventional MCI classification identified 26.4% and 14.1% at Times 1 and 2 as false-positive cases. \u201cMovers\u201d had 87% increased risk of developing dementia compared to those classified as \u201cStayers\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support the use of latent variable modelling that incorporates comprehensive neuropsychological assessment to identify and classify cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:07:31Z","timestamp":1577444851000},"page":"1063-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Latent Transition Analysis Model to Assess Change in Cognitive States over Three Occasions: Results from the Rush Memory and Aging Project"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Andrea R.","family":"Zammit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rush Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles B.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mindy J.","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graciela","family":"Muniz-Terrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198524175.001.0001"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.3.403"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.17.2.179"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.2.P101"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988705284738"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771700039X"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.168.4.470"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180604"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-180737"},{"key":"ref010","volume-title":"Latent Class and Latent Transition Analysis: With Applications in the Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences","author":"Collins LM","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref011","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Multivariate applications in substance use research: New methods for new questions","author":"Hyatt SL","year":"2000"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512801322663"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-179939"},{"key":"ref014","volume-title":"Wechsler Memory Scale - 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