{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:34:40Z","timestamp":1785332080048,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Previous studies have used immunohistology to demonstrate Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) characteristic accumulation of amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) in the retina of AD patients, a finding indicating retina examination as a potential diagnostic tool for AD pathology.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Objective:<\/jats:title>\n \n To further explore this idea by investigating whether levels of A\u03b2\n 42<\/jats:sub>\n and A\u03b2\n 40<\/jats:sub>\n in retina are associated with corresponding levels in hippocampus, neuropathological assessments, apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genotype, and levels of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Levels of high molecular weight (HMW) A\u03b2\n 42<\/jats:sub>\n , A\u03b2\n 40<\/jats:sub>\n , and IAPP in ultra-centrifuged homogenates of retina and hippocampus from patients with AD, multiple sclerosis, AD with Lewy bodies, and non-demented controls were analyzed using Mesoscale Discovery electrochemiluminescence technology employing immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Higher levels of retinal and hippocampal A\u03b2\n 42- HMW<\/jats:sub>\n , A\u03b2\n 40-HMW<\/jats:sub>\n , and IAPP\n -HMW<\/jats:sub>\n were found in individuals with high neuropathological scores of A\u03b2 plaques and in individuals carrying the APOE \u025b4 allele. The retinal levels of A\u03b2\n 42- HMW<\/jats:sub>\n and A\u03b2\n 40-HMW<\/jats:sub>\n correlated with corresponding levels in hippocampus as well as with neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and A\u03b2 scores. Retinal IAPP\n -HMW<\/jats:sub>\n correlated with retinal levels of A\u03b2\n 42- HMW<\/jats:sub>\n and with NFT and A\u03b2 scores.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n These results show that different isoforms of A\u03b2 can be detected in the human retina and moreover support the growing number of studies indicating that AD-related pathological changes occurring in the brain could be reflected in the retina.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190868","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:07:59Z","timestamp":1577444879000},"page":"1201-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Levels of Retinal Amyloid-\u03b2 Correlate with Levels of Retinal IAPP and Hippocampal Amyloid-\u03b2 in Neuropathologically Evaluated Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Schultz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elin","family":"Byman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Netherlands Brain Bank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malin","family":"Wennstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences Malm\u00f6, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.227"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2012.150"},{"key":"ref003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93621"},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.020"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-018-0650-x"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1461-6"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24548"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2003.10.011"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283497334"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cn400141x"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)02197-Q"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12728"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01150-x"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-009-1060-3"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12888"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-013-0993-5"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205012666150325182504"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-018-1237-z"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666141107124538"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23956"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.11.016"}],"container-title":["Journal 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