{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:27:54Z","timestamp":1790227674794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The neural correlates of behavioral symptoms in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are still to be elucidated. Neurotransmitter abnormalities could be correlated to the pathophysiology of negative and positive symptoms in FTD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate if the imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory cortical circuits, evaluated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), correlate with the magnitude of negative and positive symptoms, as measured by Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) scores, in patients with FTD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Paired-pulse TMS was used to investigate the activity of different intracortical circuits in 186 FTD patients (130 bvFTD, 35 avPPA, 21 svPPA). We applied short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI \u2013 GABA\n                      <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                      ergic transmission), intracortical facilitation (ICF \u2013 glutamatergic transmission), long interval intracortical inhibition (LICI \u2013 GABA\n                      <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                      ergic transmission), and short latency afferent inhibition (SAI \u2013 cholinergic transmission). Linear and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to determine the contribution of each neurophysiological measures to the total variance of FBI scores.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At the stepwise multivariate analysis, we observed a significant negative correlation between FBI-A scores (negative symptoms) and ICF (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0-0.57, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001, adjusted R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.32). For FBI-B scores (positive symptoms), we observed a significant positive correlation for SICI (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a00.84, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001, adjusted R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u200a=\u200a0.56). Significant correlations were observed for single items of the FBI-A score with ICF and FBI-B scores with SICI, with a medium-large size effect for several items.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study shows that the imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory intracortical circuits, evaluated with TMS, correlated with the magnitude of negative and positive symptoms in FTD, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-190986","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,27]],"date-time":"2019-12-27T11:08:10Z","timestamp":1577444890000},"page":"1133-1142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Neurophysiological Correlates of Positive and Negative Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Benussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Dell\u2019Era","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Cantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria 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