{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:39:09Z","timestamp":1791819549983,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes is a dementia risk factor, but its relation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our primary objective was to examine the association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with brain amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2), the putative main culprit of AD. Our secondary objective was to examine the association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes with neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and memory performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a cross-sectional study of 350 late middle-aged Hispanics without dementia in New York City. We classified diabetes status as normal glucose tolerance (NGT), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes following American Diabetes Association criteria. Brain A\u03b2 was ascertained as global A\u03b2 standardized value uptake ratio using PET with\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F-Florbetaben. Neurodegeneration was operationalized as cortical thickness in regions affected by AD using MRI. CVD was operationalized as white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH) on MRI, and memory as performance with the selective reminding test (SRT).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age was 64.15\u00b13.34 years, 72.00% were women, and 35.43% were APOE \u025b4 carriers. Pre-diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, was associated with higher A\u03b2 compared with NGT. Type 2 diabetes treatment was related to lower A\u03b2. Type 2 diabetes was related to lower cortical thickness, higher WMH, and lower SRT score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre-diabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, is associated with higher brain A\u03b2 in late middle age, and this observation could be explained by the relation of diabetes treatment with lower brain A\u03b2. Whether type 2 diabetes treatment lowers brain A\u03b2 requires further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-200232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T14:49:47Z","timestamp":1588949387000},"page":"1241-1252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Pre-Diabetes, but not Type 2 Diabetes, Is\u00a0Related to Brain Amyloid in Late Middle-Age"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Luchsinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priya","family":"Palta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brady","family":"Rippon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greysi","family":"Sherwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ceballos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC), New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystal","family":"Laing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Igwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hengda","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qolamreza","family":"Razlighi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Teresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division, Hebrew Home in Riverdale, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Brickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and the Aging Brain, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"},{"name":"Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, CUIMC, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.01.010"},{"key":"ref002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70088-3"},{"key":"ref003","unstructured":"(2017) National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2017. Series Editor: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA."},{"key":"ref004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000247053.45483.4e"},{"key":"ref005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f4d7f8"},{"key":"ref006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.51.4.1256"},{"key":"ref007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181eee25f"},{"key":"ref008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170179"},{"key":"ref009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/60.4.471"},{"key":"ref010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2008.00948.x"},{"key":"ref011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.132647"},{"key":"ref012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001982"},{"key":"ref013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3090"},{"key":"ref014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.284"},{"key":"ref015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70291-0"},{"key":"ref016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70299-6"},{"key":"ref017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"ref018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000208"},{"key":"ref019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4669"},{"key":"ref020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-S006"},{"key":"ref021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn113"},{"key":"ref022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.228510"},{"key":"ref023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018"},{"key":"ref024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4668"},{"key":"ref025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005354"},{"key":"ref026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.24.11.1019"},{"key":"ref027","unstructured":"HumesKR, JonesNA, RamirezRR (2011) Overview of Race adn Hispanic Origin: 2010.\n                      2010 Census Briefs\n                      . U. S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC."},{"key":"ref028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499"},{"key":"ref029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317010-00003"},{"key":"ref030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63229-4"},{"key":"ref031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2017.11.002"},{"key":"ref032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1399"},{"key":"ref033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182840bbe"},{"key":"ref034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0807991106"},{"key":"ref035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-151200"},{"key":"ref036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2017.12.009"},{"key":"ref037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.07.023"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-200232","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.3233\/JAD-200232","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.3233\/JAD-200232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:08:13Z","timestamp":1777370893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.3233\/JAD-200232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.3233\/JAD-200232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-200232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]}}}