{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:06:33Z","timestamp":1785855993729,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]],"date-time":"2020-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597708800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"DOI":"10.3233\/jad-200618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,31]],"date-time":"2020-07-31T12:59:11Z","timestamp":1596200351000},"page":"1581-1594","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Dementia Diagnosis Is Associated with Changes in Antidiabetic Drug Prescription: An Open-Cohort Study of \u223c130,000 Swedish Subjects over 14 Years"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Juraj","family":"Secnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Schwertner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Hammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Alvarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Growth and Metabolism, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"Winblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Eriksdotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Garcia-Ptacek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Section for Neurology, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorota","family":"Religa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden"},{"name":"Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","reference":[{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0192-4","article-title":"Comorbidity and dementia: A scoping review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Bunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-2516","article-title":"Diabetes in a large dementia cohort: Clinical characteristics and treatment from the Swedish Dementia Registry","volume":"40","author":"Secnik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0048-7","article-title":"Cognitive decline and dementia in diabetes mellitus: Mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"14","author":"Biessels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S152","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S012","article-title":"12. Older adults: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1855","article-title":"Poor cognitive function and risk of severe hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: post hoc epidemiologic analysis of the ACCORD trial","volume":"35","author":"Punthakee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.460","article-title":"Hypoglycemic episodes and risk of dementia in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"301","author":"Whitmer","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1153","article-title":"Relationship between ine glycemic control and cognitive function in individuals with type 2 diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors: The action to control cardiovascular risk in diabetes-memory in diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) trial","volume":"32","author":"Cukierman-Yaffe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70188-0","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose lowering on brain structure and function in people with type 2 diabetes (ACCORD MIND): A randomised open-label substudy","volume":"10","author":"Launer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S004","article-title":"4. Comprehensive medical evaluation and assessment of comorbidities: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref10","unstructured":"National Board of Health and Welfare\/Socialstyrelsen (2018) National Guidelines for Diabetes Care. Support for governance and management\/Nationella Riktlinjer f\u00f6r Diabetesv\u00e5rd. St\u00f6d f\u00f6r Styrning och Ledning. Accessible online:, https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepoint-dokument\/artikelkatalog\/nationella-riktlinjer\/2018-10-25.pdf."},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-131901","article-title":"Long-term metformin usage and cognitive function among older adults with diabetes","volume":"41","author":"Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0229","article-title":"Increased risk of cognitive impairment in patients with diabetes is associated with metformin","volume":"36","author":"Moore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004586","article-title":"Metformin vs sulfonylurea use and risk of dementia in US veterans aged >\/=65 years with diabetes","volume":"89","author":"Orkaby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0135530","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135530","article-title":"Glycemic control with thiazolidinedione is associated with fracture of T2DM patients","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4729-5","article-title":"Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)","volume":"61","author":"Davies","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0783","article-title":"Effect of linagliptin on cognitive performance in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiorenal comorbidities: The CARMELINA Randomized Trial","volume":"42","author":"Biessels","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01112","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1: A focus on neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"13","author":"Grieco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32590-X","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"393","author":"Zelniker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0116538","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0116538","article-title":"Sve-Dem, the Swedish Dementia Registry - a tool for improving the quality of diagnostics, treatment and care of dementia patients in clinical practice","volume":"10","author":"Religa","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","article-title":"Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research","volume":"31","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","article-title":"External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register","volume":"11","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref23","unstructured":"World Health Organization (1993), The International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10)."},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation","volume":"40","author":"Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","article-title":"Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data","volume":"43","author":"Quan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00511-8","article-title":"The longitudinal integrated database for health insurance and labour market studies (LISA) and its use in medical research","volume":"34","author":"Ludvigsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","article-title":"The new Swedish Prescribed Drug Register\u2013opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months","volume":"16","author":"Wettermark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0316-1","article-title":"The Swedish cause of death register","volume":"32","author":"Brooke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-011-0289-6","article-title":"A comon on insulin regimen treatment of elderly (>70 years) and younger (<70 years) type 2 diabetic patients in actual clinical practice","volume":"50","author":"Zafon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70284-2","article-title":"Risk of dementia in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Biessels","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14429","article-title":"Changes in medication use after dementia diagnosis in an observational cohort of individuals with diabetes mellitus","volume":"65","author":"Sarkar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2217\/cer-2015-0006","article-title":"The impact of dementia on antidiabetic drug use in Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes: Findings post-Medicare part D","volume":"5","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Comp Eff Res"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.3759","article-title":"Use and discontinuation of insulin treatment among adults aged 75 to 79 years with type 2 diabetes","volume":"179","author":"Weiner","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447 e441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2014.03.001","article-title":"Body-mass index and mortality in incident dementia: A cohort study on 11,398 patients from SveDem, the Swedish Dementia Registry","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Ptacek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.11.014","article-title":"Dementia severity and weight loss: A comon across eight cohorts. The 10\/66 study","volume":"9","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2014.0330","article-title":"Hypoglycemia in older people - a less well recognized risk factor for frailty","volume":"6","author":"Abdelhafiz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.0292","article-title":"Association of metformin use with risk of lactic acidosis across the range of kidney function: A community-based cohort study","volume":"178","author":"Lazarus","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19378","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000019378","article-title":"Metformin therapy and cognitive dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-0599","article-title":"Tight glycemic control and use of hypoglycemic medications in older veterans with type 2 diabetes and comorbid dementia","volume":"38","author":"Thorpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-01965-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of thiazolidinediones in diabetes patients with renal impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.4756","article-title":"Decline in weight and incident mild cognitive impairment: Mayo Clinic Study of Aging","volume":"73","author":"Alhurani","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030660","article-title":"Association between the use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and the risk of dementia among patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17718-y","article-title":"Blood-brain glucose transfer in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Effect of GLP-1 analog treatment","volume":"7","author":"Gejl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref44","first-page":"141","article-title":"12-month effects of incretins versus SGLT2-Inhibitors on cognitive performance and metabolic profile. A randomized clinical trial in the elderly with Type-2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"10","author":"Perna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.3233\/JAD-200618_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318292a2f9","article-title":"Twenty-year changes in dementia occurrence suggest decreasing incidence in central central Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"80","author":"Qiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer's Disease"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/content.iospress.com\/download?id=10.3233\/JAD-200618","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:08:32Z","timestamp":1777370912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full\/10.3233\/JAD-200618"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-200618","relation":{},"ISSN":["1387-2877","1875-8908"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1387-2877","type":"print"},{"value":"1875-8908","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,18]]}}}