{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:03:42Z","timestamp":1790705022876,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Only little evidence is available on disorientation, one of the most challenging symptoms of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of disorientation in older age in association with the level of cognitive status, personal characteristics, and life events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three longitudinal population-based cohort studies on cognitive health of elderly adults were harmonized (LEILA 75\u200a+\u200a, AgeCoDe\/AgeQualiDe, AgeMooDe). Participants who completed a baseline and at least one follow-up assessment of cognitive functioning and who did not have stroke, Parkinson\u2019s disease, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, and\/or alcoholism were included in the analysis ( n\u200a=\u200a2135, 72.6% female, mean age 80.2 years). Data was collected in standardized interviews and questionnaires with the participant, a proxy informant, and the participant\u2019s general practitioner.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Making three errors in the MMSE other than in the questions on orientation (MMSE\n                      <jats:sub>wo<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) came with a probability of 7.8% for disorientation, making ten errors with a probability of 88.9%. A lower MMSE\n                      <jats:sub>wo<\/jats:sub>\n                      score (HR 0.75, CI 95 0.71\u20130.79, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), older age (HR 1.11, CI 95 1.08\u20131.14, p\u200a&lt;\u200a0.001), and living in a nursing home (HR 1.64, CI 95 1.02\u20132.64, p\u200a=\u200a0.042) were associated with incident disorientation. Impairments in walking (OR 2.41, CI 95 1.16\u20134.99, p\u200a=\u200a0.018) were associated with a greater probability for prevalent disorientation. None of the life events were significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that disorientation is primarily associated with cognitive status. Regular walking activities might possibly reduce the risk for disorientation but further research is necessary.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T12:19:04Z","timestamp":1610713144000},"page":"1589-1599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Disorientation in Time and Place in Old Age: Longitudinal Evidence from Three Old Age Cohorts in Germany (AgeDifferent.de Platform)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Francisca S.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), RG Psychosocial Epidemiology & Public Health, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pabst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Heser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Kleineidam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre","family":"Hajek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Eisele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"R\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margrit","family":"L\u00f6bner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitt","family":"Wiese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for General Practice, Hannover Medical School, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias C.","family":"Angermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Scherer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Primary Medical Care, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Helmut","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffi G.","family":"Riedel-Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, 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