{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:53:57Z","timestamp":1777395237584,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive impairment (CI) is a key feature of late life depression (LLD), but the contribution of underlying neurodegenerative pathology remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate cognitive dysfunction in LLD relative to a sample of nondepressed (ND) older adults with matched levels of memory impairment and amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants included 120 LLD and 240 ND older adults matched on age, education, sex, Mini-Mental State Exam, mild cognitive impairment diagnosis, and PET A\u03b2 burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLD showed higher rates of impairment relative to ND with 54.6% of the LLD sample demonstrating impairment in at least one cognitive domain compared to 42.9% of controls ( H\u200a=\u200a7.13, p\u200a=\u200a0.008). LLD had poorer performance and higher rates of impairment on Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test learning and memory compared to controls. In the overall sample, A\u03b2 positivity was associated with worse performance on Logical Memory I ( p\u200a=\u200a0.044), Logical Memory II ( p\u200a=\u200a0.011), and Trail Making Test \u2013B ( p\u200a=\u200a0.032), and APOE \u025b4 genotype was associated with worse performance on Logical Memory I ( p\u200a=\u200a0.022); these relationships did not differ between LLD and ND.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LLD showed higher rates of CI driven by focal deficits in verbal learning and memory. Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) biomarkers were associated with worse performance on timed set-shifting and story learning and memory, and these relationships were not impacted by depression status. These findings suggest that AD may account for a portion of previously reported multi-domain CI in LLD and highlight the potential for AD to confound studies of cognition in LLD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-201089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T13:08:07Z","timestamp":1614690487000},"page":"991-1002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The Impact of Amyloid Burden and\n                    <i>APOE<\/i>\n                    on Rates of Cognitive Impairment in Late Life Depression"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip 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Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rema","family":"Raman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"},{"name":"Alzheimer\u2019s Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Landau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Saykin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Toga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford R.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 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